Dietary Intake, Gender and Activity Factors Influenced on BMI Essay

Dietary Intake, Gender and Activity Factors Influenced on BMI - Essay Example Nevertheless, overweight is most importantly attributable to excess intake of energy, which lead to not only a positive energy balance but also an accumulation of body fats (Moore, 2000). Also, a sedentary lifestyle is the other factors that can contribute to a gain in weight. BMI is a reliable and easily obtainable indicator of relative body size. At most times, BMI is directly associated with LDL and total cholesterol plasma concentrations. However, an inverse relationship has been reported between BMI and HDL-cholesterol (McNamara et al. 1992). On the other hand, the effect of gender on the association between blood lipid constraint and BMI has not been evidently recognized because most of the studies that have been conducted in this area are hardly consistent. Participating in physical activities is commonly used as a valuable way of preventing a number of health risks that are especially caused by heavyweight across all genders (Eaton and Eaton, 2003). There are a number of reports that have indicated that youth and children spend most of their leisure time in sedentary engagements such as playing video games or watching television (Moore, 2000). Mounting evidence reveals that sedentary behaviors, which are characterized by lack of physical activities, are attributed to increased risk of physical problems Sedentary behaviors have been proved to, be associated with physical activities, eating habits, and obesity when correlation designs are used (Gortmaker et al., 1996). Although these designs are valuable in determining associations between variables, experimental designs that entail the manipulation of sedentary behaviors are important in determining the causal impact of sedentary habits on energy consumption (Robinson, 1999).  

Comparative Study of Maruti Suzuki & Hyundai Motors Essay Example for Free

Comparative Study of Maruti Suzuki Hyundai Motors Essay Since, this is a paid assistance may be other respondents would not have asked for the said assistance. Since it is provided by the company to every customer whosoever demands it. Q. 6 Do you find your vehicle comfortable for a long journey? 6 out of 15 respondents do not find their vehicle comfortable for long journey. So it could be said that out of 100 customers 40 are satisfied with their vehicle in the above stated parameter. Q. 7 Does your vehicle need regular maintenance? 10 out of 15 respondents said that their vehicle needs regular maintenance. However 5 out of 15 don’t feel that their vehicle needs maintenance. Q. 8 If given an opportunity will you change your vehicle to a similar model of another company? 8 out of 15 respondents will change their vehicle to a similar model of other company if they were given such opportunity. This parameter states that more than half of the customers are unsatisfied with the overall performance of their vehicle. Q. 9 Electronic devices such as power windows, central locking system provided in your vehicle are up to the mark or not? All the 15 respondents are fully satisfied with the electronic devices, central locking provided in their vehicle. This means each and every customer of Hyundai considers electronic devices are up to the mark. Y axis representing no. of answers Comparison of customer satisfaction Findings: (1) Majority of the customers of Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai motors are satisfied with the vehicle they have purchased. A very small proportion of them are not satisfied with the vehicle when asked about their dissatisfaction most of them said that they are satisfied but not completely satisfied. (2) A good no. of respondents did not find their vehicles fuel efficient said that their vehicle doesn’t give mileage as stated by the company. When an executive of a company was contacted he said â€Å"the reason for the above is not keeping the right air pressure in tyres continuous fluctuations in speed. †(Acceleration) (3) Both the companies Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai are providing the best of the services to the customers through their art of state workshop under one roof. However the reason for dissatisfaction of certain customers cannot be found out. Reason may be higher costs of servicing. (4) Since, our research was for small car segment still customers were comfortable with boot space head room of their vehicle. However this is a parameter that is more dependent on height of the person. Therefore it could be said that most of the customers are satisfied. (5) On road assistance is provided by both the companies that too 24 hours through a toll free number. Most of the customers were unaware of any such service they actually asked me what it is. (6) Majority of the customers of Maruti Suzuki prefer to go on long journey in the diesel variants of the vehicles as it is more comfortable and economical. Hyundai owners rarely go for long journey on their own vehicle they too prefer diesel vehicle such as innova, scorpio, etc. 7) Upon analysis of the data collected it is found that vehicles of Maruti Suzuki need lesser maintenance as compared to the vehicles of Hyundai motors. (assumption- equal running) (8) Customers of Maruti Suzuki do not prefer to change their vehicle. However more than half of the owners of Hyundai are ready to change their vehicles with a similar model of another make. This m ay be on account of lower fuel efficiency or higher maintenance costs. (9) All the respondents of both the companies were satisfied with the electronic devices provided by the company. A customer of Maruti Suzuki was saying he has been using Maruti since 2002 and haven’t got any problem with the wiring or anything like that till today. Suggestions Suggestions for Companies. (1) Keep the service costs of the vehicles competitive. (2) Spares must be affordable. (3) Stress on RD to maximize customer’s satisfaction through continuous improvement in the products and services. (4) Training to customers for necessary maintenance. (5) Make more fuel efficient engines. (6) Maximize the room in the car. (7) Making the interiors even more attractive. (8) Increasing the number of free services from 4 to 6. 9) Ensure consumer satisfaction. Suggestions for customers (1) Operating the vehicle as it is recommended. (2) Keeping the tyre pressure as it is recommended to get efficiency in fuel consumption. (3) Timely maintenance regular servicing as specified in the manual so as to get best results from the vehicle. (4) Vehicle should be driven by the person who is com petent and experienced, a novice may mishandle it. (5) Deciding in advance what they really want in their vehicle then buying this will boost the level of satisfaction derived. Conclusion It was found that majority of the customers were satisfied with the vehicle they have chosen. And the small car segment is flourishing in the Indian car market. It is annually growing around 18-20%. However this is due to the easy availability of loans and finances to the end consumers. This is a great opportunity for the companies to encash by increasing the level of satisfaction they can not only increase their sales volumes but will have satisfied customers as well. Companies are trying their level best to maximize the customer’s satisfaction by continuously spending on research and development. In the long run this is definitely going to help the company in its revenues as well as its market share and therefore its goodwill.

Gender representation in contemporary superhero films

Gender representation in contemporary superhero films RESEARCH PROPOSAL Gender representation in contemporary superhero films Research Question How gender representation is portrayed in the contemporary Marvel superhero films? Overview of the Study This project will be evaluating how gender representation portrayed in 21st century Marvel superhero films. This research will concentrate on using Marvel’s The Avenger (dir. Josh Whedon, 2012) which is the assemblage of all contemporary Marvels’ superhero made after Ironman since 2008. Thompson (1999) and Bordwell (2006) both argued that Hollywood films often emphasize on character traits. Contemporary Hollywood filmmaking tends to draw on certain gender representational pattern of superhero is first and foremost a man. Therefore textual analysis will be used to analyze how masculinity and femininity values are constructed among the main characters in the film. Aim Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate how gender representation portrayed in 21st century Marvel superhero films. The objective of this study is to analyze how masculinity and femininity values are constructed among the main characters in 21st century Marvel superhero films. Literature Review In the past seven years, majority number of blockbuster superhero action adventure films such as Batman, X-Men, Fantastic Four, Spiderman, Hellboy 1 and 2, Hulk, Ironman, and a host of other â€Å"men† have flown, stomped, fallen, and swung across screens in these Hollywood blockbusters (Stabile, 2009). In fact, Gray Kaklamanidou (2011) describes superhero as someone usually possesses a combination of mental and physical strength more than ordinary human being that fight against evil who will succeeds against all odds. These superhero characters are basically adapted from comic books. The characters in the film are presented in stereotypical manner such as either present male heroes and female damsels such as Superman Returns (2006), the Spider-Man films (2002, 2004, 2007) or else allow for a few female superheroes as part of a male-run-crime-fighting collective, as in X-Men Films (2000, 2003, 2006), and the Fantastic Four franchise (2005, 2007). Gallagher (2006) described masculinity as a product in our culture; the action film has historically been a ‘male’ genre, dealing with stories of male heroism and women as peripheral princesses. However these attributes and behaviors tend to shift over time and are constantly under negotiation in the film. Furthermore as Benshoff Griffin (2009) argued that although there are slight variations can be found in countless Hollywood films, the way of cinematically telling stories is basically the same today as it was in the 1930s. Classical Hollywood style is always formulated to spoon-feed story information to the spectator, thus keeping everything clearly understood by the audience. For instance, Thompson (1999) and Bordwell (2006) both argued that Hollywood films often emphasize on character traits. Contemporary Hollywood filmmaking tends to draw on certain gender representational pattern of superhero is first and foremost a man. Besides, the superhero is an American crea tion, born on the eve of World War II (Gray Kaklamanidou, 2011). Therefore the role of superhero is always associated with typical masculinity traits while the characters in superhero film are portrayed in stereotypical manners. Interestingly, over the past few decades, various male-dominated Hollywood genres have been adapted for female leads. Benshoff Griffin (2009) explained that the science fiction action-adventure film has also produced some strong female leads, played most notably by Sigourney Weaver in the Alien Films (1979, 1986, 1992, 1997) as well as Jovovich’s Alice in the Resident Evil film franchise (2002, 2004, 2007) has become the most financially successful female action character of the era. However, mainstream Hollywood entertainment still negotiates gender in ways that uphold and maintain patriarchal privilege (Cohan Hark, 1993). The nostalgic Hollywood blockbuster formula, with its stalwart male heroes, continues to drive the industry. Another way of looking at the gender representation in superhero film is that, Hollywood filmmaking tends to exploit sexy male bodies in action while female action adventure heroes with objectified sex appeal. As Benshoff Griffin (2009) argued tha t although more and more women are entering the Hollywood industry, the sexual objectification of female bodies tends to surround on the female lead while men tend to dominate the main role in superhero film. Methodology Given the exploratory nature of this study is to evaluate gender representation portrayed in 21st century Marvel superhero films; it is proposed qualitative research method of textual analysis will be used to analyse the text in contemporary Marvel’s superhero films. Textual analysis in fact is research method of trying to learn something about people by examining the content, structure, and functions of the messages contained in texts (Frey et al., 1999). In other words, textual analysis may use to describe and interpret the characteristics such as behavioral patterns, values and attitudes of a recorded or visual message. Marvel’s The Avenger (dir. Josh Whedon, 2012) will be selected to evaluate how masculinity and femininity values are constructed among the main characters. In fact, Marvel’s The Avenger is the assemblage of all contemporary Marvels’ superhero made after Ironman since 2008 (Marvel, 2012). This film basically consists of four main characters of Marvel’s superhero that are Iron Man, Captain America, the Hulk and Thor. Furthermore, the film also features with other existing S.H.I.E.L.D agent Hawkeye and Blackwidow. Likewise, analyzing the text in the Marvel’s The Avenger provides the researcher the opportunities to study a few series of contemporary superhero film simultaneously. Indeed, textual analysis consists of both strengths and weaknesses in analysing the gender representation in the film. According to Larsen (1991), textual analysis is able to bring out whole range of possible meaning in the film content. It is also a preferred method for identifying such latent meaning and a powerful tool for researchers who seek to produce theoretically valid interpretations of the targeted text. However, textual analysis required an extremely close reading on the specific text (Frey et al., 1999). It is time consuming and has high maintenance need which the researcher is requires to set up the rules, such as coding. In fact, content analysis according to Weare Lin (2000) is able to determine the presence written and spoken communication or concepts within texts. However, it is obtrusive and a purely descriptive method which it unable to reveal underlying motives for the observed pattern (what but not why). Therefore as the objective of this study is to analyse the gender representation and characters role played in the contemporary Marvel’s superhero films, the purpose of using textual analysis in this study is thus able to provide in-depth understanding on the text. Marvel’s The Avenger In fact, Marvel’s The Avengers is a 2012 American Hollywood film produced by Marvel studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. In fact, it is featuring with iconic Marvel super heroes Iron Man, the Incredible Hulk, Thor, Captain America, Hawkeye and Black Widow. Marvel’s The Avenger has been ranked as the third highest grossing film in worldwide. However it is interesting that 7 out of 8 leading are male while the only female lead is Scarlett Johansson who plays the role as Black Widow. Marvel Studios has released nine films since 2008 within the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Iron Man (2008), The Incredible Hulk (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Marvels The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) (Marvel, 2014). Significant of study Superhero film is relatively one of the latest development trends in Hollywood film (Gray Kaklamanidou, 2011). However, there has been no much academic research made on superhero movie. It is believe that the increasing number of these films requires an in-depth academic study on the concept of superhero in this globalized society that is emphasize on gender equality. As Ryan Kellner (1990) argued that the representation of certain characters can work towards explaining the political social landscape the current time. It would be interesting to find out how men and women in these movies are represented: how different characters are portrayed, using typically feminine and masculine traits. Therefore this study will contribute to the future research and literature related to gender in action and superhero film. Timeline of research Conclusion This project will be evaluating how gender representation portrayed in 21st century Marvel superhero films by using Marvel’s The Avenger. Textual analysis is because it able to provide in-depth understanding and analysis on the gender representation and characters role played in the film. While the number of superhero is increase, this study serves as a fundamental literature thus able contributes to the future research on gender in action and superhero film. Bibliography References BENSHOFF, H. M, GRIFFIN, S. (2009) America on film: Representing race, class, gender and sexuality at the movies, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. BORDWELL, Da. (2006) The way Hollywood tells it: Story and style in modern movies. Berkeley: University of California Press. CODELL, J. L. (2007) Genre, gender, race and world cinema: An anthology, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. COHAN, S., HARK, I. R. (1993) Screening the male: Exploring masculinities in Hollywood cinema, London: Routledge. FREY, L., BOTAN, C., KREPS, G. (1999) Investigating communication: An introduction to research methods. (2nd eds.) Boston: Allyn Bacon. GALLAGHER, M. (2006) Action figures: Men, action films, and contemporary adventure narratives, New York: McMillan. GRAYLAND, R., KAKLAMANIDOU, B. (2011) The 21st Century Superhero: Essays on Gender, Genre and Globalization in Film. North Carolina: McFarland. KING, N. (2008) Generic womanhood: Gendered depictions in cop action cinema, Journal of Gender Society, 22, 238-258 [online] Available from: www.swetwise.com [Accessed 9 July, 2014] LARSEN, P. (1991) Textual analysis of  ¬Ã‚ ctional media content, In J. Vercshueren, J. O. Ostman, J. Blommaert (Eds.), A handbook of qualitative methodologies for mass communication research (pp. 121–134). New York, NY: Routledge. Painter, C. Ferucci, Patrik MARVEL’S THE AVENGER. (2012) [Film] Directed by Joss Whedon. California: Marvel Studios. MILLER, K. (2005) Communications theories: perspectives, processes, and contexts. New York: McGraw-Hill. STABILE, C. A. (2009) Sweetheart, This ain’t gender studies: Sexism and superheroes, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 6:1, 86-92 [online] Available from: www.swetwise.com [Accessed 11 July, 2014] THOMPSON, K. (1999) Storytelling in the new Hollywood: Understanding classical narrative technique. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. WEARE, C., LIN, W. Y. (2000) Content analysis of the World Wide Web: Opportunities and challenges, Social Science Computer Review, 18:3, 272-292.

Comparing the Families in Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Az

Comparing the Families in Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and Hoban’s The Mouse and His Child Creating â€Å"worlds of their own, with particular kinds of boundaries separating them from the larger world†, families ideally provide encouragement and protection for each of their members (Handel, xxiv). In J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, however, the Dursleys and Aunt Marge fail to fulfill their roles as Harry’s primary caregivers. In Russell Hoban’s The Mouse and His Child, the father mouse is unable to give his child all that he needs and longs for. In these two children’s stories, the expectation that families will provide physical support, emotional support, and encouragement for their children is not met. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the orphaned Harry is physically neglected by his only living relatives, the Dursleys. Harry’s Uncle Vernon, Aunt Petunia, and cousin Dudley think that by endorsing Harry’s non-existence in their lives, their fear of non-Muggles would disappear. Treating Harry like a wild animal, the frightened Dursleys physically confine Harry to their home and do not allowing their nephew any contact with the outside world. When Harry finally runs away from the Dursleys, he panics because his family never gives him Muggle money. While forcing Harry to stay indoors, the Dursleys also encourage Harry â€Å"to stay out of their way, which Harry [is] only too happy to do† (Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, 24). Shunning communication and distancing themselves physically from Harry, the Dursleys fail at being the loving family that Harry needs and craves. By giving Harry little to eat and old clothes to wear, the Dursleys contin ue to treat Harry as n... ...ting and abusing him. In The Mouse and His Child, the father mouse is fond of his little son, but he is inept at keeping his family of two stable. Being a passive and pessimistic parent, the father mouse, like Harry’s aunt and uncle, fail at providing the mouse child with physical support, emotional support, and moral encouragement. Although they are family, the Dursleys and the mouse father provide a dysfunctional setting for Harry and for the mouse child, forcing their children to grow up painfully faster. Works Cited Handel, G. Introduction to the first edition, 1967. In The Psychosocial Interior of the Family. Ed. G. Handel and G.G. Whitchurch. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1994. xxiii-xxx. Hoban, Russell. The Mouse and His Child. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2000.

Wavelength Conversion Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide

Wavelength Conversion by Degenerate Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide Abstract – Four-wave mixing (FWM) is one of the interesting nonlinearities in optical systems. It is mainly used for wavelength conversion. To investigate the factors that affect the wavelength conversion efficiency, the evolution of Four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon waveguide is modeled using matlab. The method of modeling is described. The effects of input pump power and waveguide length on the conversion efficiency are investigated.Results show that when propagating along a 0. 048m silicon waveguide, both the input pump power and stroke power decreases, while anti-stroke power increases first and then decreases along the waveguide. It is also shown that for a 0. 048 silicon waveguide, output anti-stroke power is the maximum when the input pump power is 3W. Also, when the input pump power is kept constant, there is a most effective waveguide length for wavelength conversion. Keywords -FWM; model; conve rsion efficiency; input pump power; waveguide length 1 IntroductionFour-wave mixing (FWM) is an inter modulation phenomenon in optical systems, whereby interaction between three waves (two pump waves and a signal wave) produce a fourth wave (idler wave) [1]. This phenomenon can be used for all optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) and entangled photon generation [2, 3]. As extremely small core of si wires produce the nonlinear optical effect even under low optical power, Silicon is used as waveguide in our project for practical wavelength conversion by FWM process with longer waveguide lengths and smaller propagation loss[4].Factors that affect optical wavelength conversion are being studied to enhance the conversion efficiency. It has therefore become important to study FWM in silicon waveguide theoretically to increase the conversion efficiency for further experiment. In our project, FWM matlab to study the factors that affect the conversion efficiency. This paper discusses the fac tors that affect FWM’s conversion efficiency in silicon waveguide. Theoretical treatment is presented in section 2, where FWM in silicon waveguide is described. The method to model FWM in silicon waveguide using matlab is described in section 3.Results are shown in section 4. Results show that both the input pump power and the waveguide length play an important part in the FWM’s conversion efficiency. 2 THEORY The FWM process involves the interaction of four waves (two Pump waves, one signal and one idler wave) as they propagates along a medium. In our project, silicon waveguide is used as the medium. The schematic diagram of FWM in silicon waveguide is shown in figure 1. Here, E represents the electric field of the respective waves and normalized such that power P=|E|^2. Subscripts ‘p’, ‘s’ and ‘a’ represent pump, signal and idler respectively.The superscript ‘f’ represents forward propagating waves. [pic] Figure 1 S chematic diagram of FWM in silicon waveguide . 3 METHODOLOGY The evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide can be modeled by the following differential equations [1]. [pic][pic][pic][pic] where Aeff is the waveguide effective core area, ? is the wavelength, ? is the linear propagation loss and ? is the TPA coefficient, ? is the FCA cross section and ? eff is the effective carrier lifetime. h and c follow their usual physical meaning of Plank’s constant and free-space speed of light respectively. k denotes the linear phase mismatch and can be expressed as[pic]. ? is the nonlinear parameter assumed to be the same for three wavelengths and defined as [pic] where n2 is the nonlinear refractive index. To simulate the evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide, the above four differential equation are solved simultaneously using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method [2]. |Parameters |Input-Output simulation values | |? |100/4. 34 m-1 | |Aeff |0. 17? 10^(-12 ) m2 | |? 0. 7? 10^(-11) m/W | |? p |1310? 10^(-9) m | |? eff |1? 10^(-9) s | |c |2. 998? 10^(8) | |h |6. 626? 10^(-34) Js | |? k |0 m/s | |? p |1. 0297? 10-21m2 | |? |2. 43 ? 10^(-11) m/W | 4 RESULTs and discussion . 1 Modelling of FWM in silicon waveguide Given Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pump power, stroke power and anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to the position in the waveguide. [pic][pic][pic]The figures above show that when propagating in the waveguide, both the pump power and stroke power decrease while the anti-stoke power increases. This is as expected, as the interaction of the pump wave and stroke wave produce the anti-stroke wave. The increase of the anti-stroke power comes from the decrease of the pump and stroke power.It can be seen that, at the end of the waveguide, the pump power is only 0. 26W and the stoke power is only 0. 026W. Both of them decrease 74% of their original power. Both the pump power and stroke power decrease fast at the beginni ng, and then their decrease rate becomes slower when propagating further in the waveguide. This implies that the higher the pump power and the stroke power, the higher the propagation loss. As a result, the anti-stroke power increases fast at the beginning and then its increasing rate slows down. At the length of 0. 42m, the power of the anti-stroke reaches its maximum value which is about 3. 2*10^-5W. Then the anti-stroke power starts to decrease slowly. This may be because when the pump and stroke power is small, the gain of the anti-stroke power is less than its propagation loss. 4. 2 Effects of input pump power on conversion efficiency Given Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pp changes from 0 to 10W with step 0. 2W. The graph of the output stroke power and the output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to the input pump power. [pic] Figure 2. 1 Output stroke power with different input pump powerThis graph shows that the larger the input pump power, the smaller the output str oke power. This is as expected, as the larger the input pump power, the larger the propagation loss. The output stroke decreases slower when the input pump power is higher. [pic] Figure 2. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different input pump power This graph shows that when the input pump power is less than3W, the higher the input pump power, the higher the output anti-stroke power. This is as expected, as more input power can be converted to anti-stroke power when the input pump power is larger.When the input pump power is larger than3W, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the input pump power. As the higher the input pump power, the higher the propagation loss. When the input pump power is larger than3W, the propagation loss dominates. 4. 3 Effects of waveguide length on conversion efficiency To investigate the relationship between the waveguide length and the conversion efficiency, input power are keep constant, Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W, L changes from 0. 001m to 0. 1m wit h step 0. 001m. Output stroke power and output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to different waveguide length. pic] Figure 3. 1 Output stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that the longer the waveguide length, the smaller the output stroke power. This is as expected, as the longer the waveguide length, the larger the propagation loss. The decreasing rate of the output stroke power decreases with the waveguide length. [pic] Figure 3. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that when the waveguide length is less than 0. 048m, the output anti-stroke power increases with the waveguide length.This implies that the gain is larger than the propagation loss in the waveguide. When the waveguide length is larger than 0. 48m, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the waveguide length. At waveguide length larger than 0. 048m, the propagation loss is larger than the gain of the anti-stroke power. The output anti-stroke pow er has a maximum value of 4. 5*10^3 when the waveguide is 0. 048m. Thus, the most effective waveguide length is 0. 048m. 5 Conclusion The conclusion serves the important function of drawing together the various sections of the written report.The conclusion is a summary, and the developments of the previous sections or chapters should be succinctly restated, important findings discussed and conclusions drawn from the whole study. In addition, you may list questions that have appeared in the course of the study that require additional research, beyond the limits of the project being reported. Where appropriate, recommendations for future work may be included. The conclusion should, however, leave the reader with an impression of completeness and of gain. AcknowledgmentThe author would like to express her deepest gratitude to A/P Luan Feng and PhD student Huang Ying for their guidance, assistance and advices. The author also wishes to acknowledge the funding support for this project fr om Nanyang Technological University under the Undergraduate Research Experience on Campus (URECA) programme. References The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use â€Å"Ref. [3]† or reference [3]† except at the beginning of a sentence: â€Å"Reference [3] was the first †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes. Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names; do not use â€Å"et al. † Papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as â€Å"unpublished† [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication should be cited as â€Å"in press† [5]. Capitalize only the firs t word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols.For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [6]. 1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, â€Å"On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,† Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) 2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed. , vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68-73. 3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, â€Å"Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,† in Magnetism, vol.III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350. 4] K. Elissa, â€Å"Title of paper if known,† unpublished. 5] R. Nicole, Title of paper with only first word capitalized,† J. Name Stand. Abbrev. , in press. 6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, â€Å"Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,† IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982]. 7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.

Historical Dinner Party Completed Essays

Historical Dinner Party Completed Essays Historical Dinner Party Completed Essay Historical Dinner Party Completed Essay said each men to themselves quietly, l like this word. Mums then raised his glass of water in the air and yelled, To my Brose! and each men followed and they all linked their glasses together laughing heartily. This act surely began to break their awkwardness towards each other as they were all comfortable with each other now. After a few more moments of brotherly bonding, it was time to get serious so Rampages II spoke out among the men, My men, enough of this, I say we get down to business and begin our discussion on four of these events listed in this here Events Menu. Each men picked up the menu and began looking over the events from the time period of which they were given, the 1 sass to the present day, 1914. After some browsing, the men voted on their first vent. They chose to discuss the establishment of the Womens Trade Union League (WTLS) in 1903, which advocated for improved wages and working conditions in factories and workplaces for women. Rampages II spoke first. In a shocked tone, he spoke, I am most certainly surprised to find that Women are treated in such a way where they have to fight for their rights! They should already have those rights of which they are fighting for! The women of this country and any other county should be equal to men and should be treated just like men are. They should be treated no more differently than the men of today are. Back in Egypt, the women had just about the same rights that the men did. They were able to manage, own, or even sell their own private property which also included slaves, land, and livestock. I for one certainly approve of this movement and I am willing to join in if could. I demand for the women of this so called great country to have equal rights with men. Each men nodded in approval of Rampages Siss thoughts. My friend, said Mums, I for one completely agree with you. As a Muslim believe that women should in fact be treated better. The working conditions which they face in factories is just plain wrong. I believe that there should be a change in how women are treated in this sockeyes day and age. Our women should be cherished and kep t safe. The working conditions must be improved and they must obtain better wages. Oh how I wish I could help these women by improving the conditions of the factories tenfold with all my money, so they can work in better environments. Ah yes a fellow Muslim, rejoices Shah Johan, Salaam alike, my dear brother of Islam. Wa- alike salaam, brother, replies Mums with a smile. l for one fully agree with you my brother, Mums, continues Shah Johan. You include some very important factors. But if I may add, these women surely should not be fighting for their rights right now, because they should clearly already have them. It is such a pity that women are treated like this. Oh how times have clearly changed. Next up to speak was Castro, who seemed to have a creepy smile on his face. He he, you guys want know how many women lye gotten with over the years? A lot! Shah Johan disgusted replies, Well have you really ever loved a woman so much that you built a large and beautifully structured building to house her grave in? I think not, so shut up and get back on task. You want fight? replies Castro. No, says Shah Johan with a serious face. Thought so, you little punk! says Castro despite being filled with fear. Anyways, agree with Rampages II. Mean women have always been treated like this really its actually no surprise for me, but yeah women really need to be treated better because the way that society is god awful. Not only do they have to work in pips-poor conditions, but at the end of the day, they also have families to go back to. They have their own children to see and take care of, and their husband too. What a disaster it would be if one day a mother goes off to work and leaves her children at school, but would then ever come home because of a fatal injury at the factory leaving her dead, and leaving her children motherless. Oh what a cruel country this is. Also fully support these women for going out of their way and joining the labor force despite it not being much of a socially acceptable act. They really deserve these opportunities to work so they can show that they are just as hardworking and Strong as men. l am truly sorry to say this, began Sin Shih Hang, but I must disagree with each and every one of you fellows. Women clearly should not be working. Why else would there be men? Why should the omen take over the jobs of the men? Do men take over the jobs of women, and take care of the children and stay at home all day? No, dont think so. So why should women be able to do the jobs of men? Women are not fit to have the same jobs as men. They should definitely not be working. They should stay at home and take care of the children and cook food for their family O. End of story. Him, that is an interesting take Sin Shih Hang, replies Continual. l fully respect you for your thoughts, although I still think that the women should indeed have better rights, and should not be treated the way they are. They definitely need better working conditions and better wages because they too have families to take care of. Ah so that is what everyone thinks yes? said Mums. Well great! Each and every one of you did a wonderful job explaining your ideas, and they were area Ill well thought out too! However, now it is time for even more serious business What do you guys want for dinner? Let us take a look at our menus okay? With that, everyone began browsing through the tasty menu options which the restaurant had for dinner. Shah Johan and Mums both being of Islamic faith ordered a unique and ravishing hall dinner. Rampages II ordered a traditional Egyptian feast. Sin Shih Hang too ordered a traditional feast. However, both Continual and Castro ordered more modern and tasty dinners. Now that everyone has decided what they are going to have for dinner, we shall discuss another event while waiting for our unique and exquisite dinners. Let us pick! exclaimed Mums. After some deciding the six figures decided on discussing the new era of transportation which has begun on September 1st, 1897 with the first underground public transportation in North America, known as the subway, being opened in Boston, Massachusetts 1 . Rampages II was the first to speak again. I must say this new feat of transportation is truly magnificent. Oh how I wish had one of these back in Egypt. Rely would have been the most powerful person alive at that time. With this faster and more efficient way of transportation, it will surely be easier to travel to foreign regions and conquer them much quicker. This subway will also help travel to new lands much faster too. Yes, began Sin Shih Hang, not only will it help conquer lands much quicker, but it will also help unify countries much quicker by being able to travel to the other cities and/or towns much more rapidly. Oh how I wish these were around in my time so could have unified China much quicker than did. With the extra time would have saved from unifying quicker, I could have thought of ways to better my country even more! Marvelous! exclaims Mums, this is subway looks wonderful to have. Wish to buy on immediately with my wealth. Im sure it wont cost much as I am, in fact, the worlds richest man. This fine mode of transportation would have also been useful for when went on my wonderful pilgrimage with gold and resources and people so I could have gotten there much faster and easier! Yes subways will be very essential to everyones needs, says Shah Johan. l agree very much with what you guys say Rampages II and Sin Shih Hang. The subway would be very essential in conquering foreign lands, and in unifying countries together at a much more efficient rate. Also, it will become one of the best ways to transport goods and the like no doubt! People from all over the country will be able to have new and better resources with the subways bringing in all kinds of things from different parts of the country! They will surely cut travel time by more than half as well! What new places we would be able to explore! Yes I see where everyone is going with this, states Continual. The subway will very much improve transportation overall. People would be able to visit their family and friends all over the country at a much faster rate. Also not only that, but travel prices will surely be low as well so that even normal families and people can visit their loved ones possibly across the whole country for just a reasonable amount of money! This invention sure was revolutionary, states Castro as he was the only one among the five other figures who has ever rode on a subway. The subways really helped get people from one point to another such more efficiently than cars and buses ever did. The people loved the subways. They rode on them every day. People would often use them to go to work, and others used them to go to parks and schools and other places as well. It surely decreased normal travel time by car and bus by a lot. Everyone loved the subways. claimed Castro. So it seems that everyone agrees on the creation of the subway being a wonderful new invention, how splendid! But know something thats even more splendid! Ou r dinner is here! Let us all chow down on our magnificent dinners before continuing further with our lightly discussion. So as the historical figures ate away at their delicious dinners, they cracked some more jokes and bonded together even more. Ah that was quite the feast we had, said Sin Shih Hang with a stuffed tummy. l have never in my life tasted something as amazing as my dinner! Everyone else with stuffed tummies nodded as best they could, and with that Sin Shih Hang let out a huge burp, to which everyone laughed at, and to show their appreciation for his burp, they all let out even louder burps. My friends, started Continual, l believe it is time for us to pick our third event to issues. With that the friends picked up the Events Menu and began browsing for another event once again. This time the group decided to discuss the event which occurred on December 1 20th, 1898 which marked the end of the Spanish-American war which began on April 25, 1898. The Treaty of Paris was signed to end the war, and as a result, Spain had to reluctantly hand over their control over Cuba, Puerco Rice, the Philippines Islands, Guam, and other islands to the United States 213. Renames II began the discussion by stating, I believe this war was necessary because in order to solve spites and problems, we must go to war, and of course the winner will get what they Want. Here we can tell that the countries which Spain had control over wanted freedom and independence so in order for them to gain that independence, they had to go to war and fight for it, or else they would never achieve their goal. Yes countries should indeed take initiative and fight for their freedom to get what they desire. It is their only hope in getting what they want. However, they should really learn how to be more unified. If a country is not unified, then they will surely fall out of their power and they will rumble along with their cities. I understand what you guys are saying however, I must intervene and say that I disagree with you. War is not always the answer, pleads Mums. There are plenty of other routes which you can take to achieve your goal. With war comes the deaths of hundreds or thousands or even millions. This is not a pretty sight. Countries need to find better ways to settle disputes rather than risking innocent peoples lives. The lives of mothers and their c hildren and the elderly and brave men shouldnt be a cost of war. War will only ever bring violence amongst the nations peoples. It just isnt right. I hear you my fellow brother, begins Shah Johan. Most of what you are saying I must agree upon, however, sometimes it is better to go to war than do nothing at all and let your people die of hunger and let them be destroyed by the other nation attacking you. Sometimes when there is no other option, must you go to war. In the long run, though some lives will be lost, but once you win, it will benefit you by guaranteeing you that your people will survive and they will carry on remembering you and what you did for them, and what you did for the future of the nation, lectured Shah Johan. Personally was not happy with the outcomes of the war, exclaims Continual with deep hatred. My people and believed ourselves to be free, however, then everything changed when the United States attacked. The United States decided to buy my beloved country and take control of it. We were so close to our freedom but then it was all taken away. My people and I had to fight for our freedom once again. I was even captured by the Americans which ended up cutting my presidency short. It was a tough battle all of it, but now were just lucky to have our freedom and independence at last, sighs Continual in relief. My god, replies Mums in disbelief, you my friend have clearly had it rough. May Allah grant you and your people With long lasting independence and peace. You deserve it brother. Thank you very much Mums! Yes! exclaimed Castro, You see? Gondolas fight for freedom just proves that in order for countries to get what they want, they must obviously fight for it and strive towards their goal. You have to do what is best for your country no matter the costs at stake. You must make some sacrifices to achieve the best, and sometimes those sacrifices are drastic but you just goat do what you goat do. Him good, everyone had such great things to say to contribute to the discussion, said Mums with joy, you all did great explaining your thoughts, but you want know whats even more great? DESSERT YEAH!!! screamed Mums. WAHOO!!! they all screamed and cheered in excitement. Let us order Our desserts my friends! rejoiced Mums. WASSAILS! they all screamed again. The six historical figures who wer e thought to be wise old men, turned out to be little kids when it came to dessert. They all ordered the best ice cream money could buy them and if they did not have any money, Mums told them that he loud spot them. At first not knowing what ice cream was, Rampages Mums, Shah Johan, and Sin Shih Hang were going to order their traditional desserts, but then Castro and Continual informed them of the most wonderful delicacy known to man, ice cream. At first reluctant to try, the two persuaded the other four to try something new for once, and after some persuading they agreed. Now that we have ordered our desserts, let us choose our next and last event to discuss! exclaimed Castro. After a while the friends chose to discuss the presentation of the physicist Max Planck to the German Physical Society about his Quantum Theory, which is basically the theoretical basis of modern physics that analyzes the nature and behavior of matter and energy on both the atomic and subatomic level 15. Quick to respond, Rampages II awfully brain-hurt questioned, In all my life I have never heard of such gibberish before, however, despite not knowing what this means, it sounds pretty impressive. Applaud Planck for this great discovery of his, and surely his hard work had not gone to waste with this theory of his. Believe that education can enable one to go further on in what they believe. It will help them greatly with their lives, and help them achieve great things. said Rampages II. Yes education is very powerful, begins Sin Shih Hang, it can really help a person reach very great feats, such as this Planck person. We can see how much thought he has put into his research to come up with such a theory. With education, it can drive people to do great things. They will be able to do things no person has ever been able to do before, says Sin Shih Hang. Having knowledge and an education are one of the greatest things an individual can have, states Mums. With just a small drop of knowledge, one an achieve wondrous things in their lives. Everyone should have such an opportunity to learn and gain knowledge, it will benefit them in so many ways, in which they have never seen or heard of. This is why during my pilgrimage to Hajj, helped pay for and build many libraries, universities, and mosques so that the people in those regions could suck in the knowledge which they would gain from the universities 6. I only hope that they put their knowledge to the test and utilize it to help the people all around them, preached Mums. L totally agree with you my brother, said Shah Johan. What you say, Mums, is very true. It is truly a blessing to be able to obtain an education, and use it to help the world around you. People should have the right to gain knowledge no matter what. Planck is clearly very lucky to receive such an education in the field of science that he was able to come up with such a marvelous theory. What an amazing man he is. Yes education is very important as all of you have stated, said Continual. Without an education one will be held back from being able to accomplish great things in their lives. They wont have the chance to actually do something with their lives and actually make something of it as well. Mums, you speak wise words, my friend, stated Castro, everyone should be able to have an education no matter what. Education is important for each and every individual to have. It will help them succeed greatly in life 7. Having knowledge will help strengthen the mind and body to do great things. As we can see, Planck was able to come up with this theory due to his great mind being able to do conjure up such an elaborate discovery. I say we raise our glasses up to education and applaud this Planck fellow! Huzzah! yelled Castro. To education! they all yelled in unison. So I see that we can all agree upon the act that knowledge is power, and education is great, but the greatest thing Of all is ICE CREAM WHICH IS ON ITS WAY TOWARDS US!!! exclaimed Mums in excitement. YEASTS! the men yelled together. As soon as each and every one of the men got their plate affine ice cream, they quickly devoured it in a heartbeat and demanded for more. The men went at the ice cream again and again. They had ever tasted such a delicacy before. It was so good, that the men began to form tears of joy, but they didnt care, they were eating the best ice cream known to man. My men, now that have dined on the most amazing dinner and dessert ever, and we have finished discussing the events from the time period of the sass to the present day, 1914, I know of one more surprise in store, waiting for us, said Continual. As you all know, today is New Years Eve and lucky for us we are sitting in the right spot to witness the spectacular event which will occur in just a mere 10 minutes. You guys know what it is? What is it? The men all questioned. The ball drop in Times Square, my friends, Continual said with a smirk on his face. Come, let us go to the roof of this large building and witness the magnificent glory of the ball rope in Times Square, we have 9 minutes left, my friends. With that the group of friends went up to the roof of the building along with a whole lot more ice cream, and they chatted and cracked jokes and had fun al l while waiting for the ball to drop. Once it dropped, each men stared in awe at the beautiful and majestic flurry of confetti flying all over the sky. They all hugged each other and cried like men should and rejoiced very loudly. They were screaming at the top of their manly lungs, hoping to make the moments last until they each had to leave one-by-one sooner or later. Whilst yelling, the en began to notice that they were all vanishing and disappearing. Quickly as to not let any more time be wasted, the strong and powerful men each said there last farewell to each other. These farewells were also met with lots and lots of manly tears. Until next time. They said to one another as they felt themselves disappearing.

Ethical Economics essays

Ethical Economics essays The term ethical and economics should never be put into the same sentance. They are almost oxymoronic in the sense that in order for one to succeed on an economic level, ethics are usually never involved. America as we have come to know it is a world full of mice and snakes. The mice are those in society who voluntarily choose to live off of the prosperous, as the snakes go out and get their prey. The capitalistic society we live in known as America is truly what we make of it. The standards and principles of America's capitalism are truly ethical and fair. One is reminded of the Darwinian theory of evolution that only the strong survive. Those who do not provide for themselves will be left to "die" in American society. The American economic society that we have come to know and love is truly fair and equal on all levels. Since the end of Feudalism, America has lived up to it's reputation as a Capitalistic society. The True Market System kick-started the freedom of possibilities of capitalism. The right to private property, choice, voluntary exchange, comptetition, and economic incentives are what we thrive towards every day. With the incorporation of voluntary exchange and competition, American's were forced to go out into the world and produce in order to survive and make a profit, much different than traditional economics when a child would inherit his father's work. Economic Incentives, better known as profit, lead to a broader array of choices that we are able to make as free-minded Americans. The comparison between Socialist and Free Market economies show us how truly eithical and fair America's economic system truly is. Resources in a Socialistic Economic system are government owned and regulated, which in turn, the government determines what and how much of "what" will be produced. Th e capital from the gove ...

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Reaction paper - Essay Example The justice system of the Third Reich was infamous in its trial less execution of the unwanted peoples as a Final Solution. The creation of concentration camps ensured that these people were taken down efficiently – their bodies were scavenged for hair and their physical labour was employed to accomplish war tasks. Once these people were unable to support themselves for basic daily tasks it was simple for them to be classified as unwanted. These unwanted people were subsequently subjected to gas chambers after which their bodies were burnt. David Cole like other revisionists tries to underpin this major truth by presenting evidence that can hardly be used to stake any claim. In most other cases, Cole is presenting refutations of evidence presented to support the holocaust theory. The absence of mass graves could result simply from the fact that the bodies were burned in order to dispose of them efficiently. These burnt corpses served as excellent fertiliser and there was no need to bury them or to be concerned of diseases spreading from rotting corpses. The unaccounted for souls in the Second World War were not only Jews, Poles or other races but human beings first and

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Arthur Conan-Doyles Sherlock Holmes and the Modern-Day Interpretations Research Paper

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Focusing on the Market Research Society (MRS), does its code of Essay

Focusing on the Market Research Society (MRS), does its code of conduct play an effective role in governing research in this country and so help protect vulnerable groups - Essay Example The key areas that MRS focuses in the protection of vulnerable people are consent and protection of personal data. In accordance with MRS code of conduct, researchers should ensure that participation in the researches is based on voluntary and informed consent. On the other hand, MRS always recognizes young people and children as vulnerable individuals. As such, consent from a parent or guardian is required before research. Researchers are advised not to involve minors in studies on products and topics which are prohibited for their age group (Sarstedt & Mooi, 2014). MRS has invested a lot of resources and time in ensuring that the business research sector appreciates and understands the data protection laws. MRS offers training programs, legal and standards briefings, and guidance to members of the research community. Additionally, MRS provides regional campaigns on the themes of data security and data protection. Although MRS recognizes the need to update the current laws because of advancing technology in the field, business should not overlook the current framework. When businesses have a clear understanding of the code of conduct in the research field, they can conduct and make decisions on data collection and use, with confidence that they meet the legal responsibilities. It is not only the businesses that benefit but also the vulnerable parties involved in the

Arthur Conan-Doyles Sherlock Holmes and the Modern-Day Interpretations Research Paper

Arthur Conan-Doyles Sherlock Holmes and the Modern-Day Interpretations - Research Paper Example Perhaps no character in literary history is more beloved than Sherlock Holmes. Known for his powers of deduction, Holmes is able to solve crimes with precision by using these immense powers. Holmes is also considerably charismatic. In the American version of Holmes, called Elementary, Holmes is a recovering drug addict, and Watson his sober companion. They both live in New York City in this version, in the modern day. In the BBC version, called simply Sherlock, the characters are more traditional, in that they are both men, but, they, too, are in the modern day – modern day London. There are many differences between the modern adaptations and the novel version of Sherlock Holmes. The two adaptations are considerably different from one another as well. It is not just that Watson is a woman in the American version, and that Sherlock and Watson are in modern day London in the BBC version. It is the overall tone and feel of the characters – Sherlock is very different in all three versions, and Watson is as well. Sherlock knows considerably more in the modern adaptations than he does in the novel version. There is an erotic subtext in both the American version and the BBC version, although, in the American version, the erotic subtext is more â€Å"acceptable† as the characters are of the opposite sex from one another. Drug abuse is handled differently in all three versions as well. What is clear is that, while all three versions, and all other versions of Sherlock Holmes, are different from one another, they all have a charismatic Holmes at the center, which is why they all are successful in their own right.

Sports team Essay Example for Free

Sports team Essay The sale of sports related memorabilia has become one of the biggest retail industries. However, it has also become one of the hardest to manage and control, legally and creatively (World Intellectual Property Rights Organization [WIPRO] 2007b). This has become particularly apparent in Boston, home of one of the most popular sports team, the Boston Red Sox, despite significant efforts to control the production and distribution of goods bearing their logos and trademarks. Some argue that the proliferation and sale of these items are self-expression and that they have contributed significantly to the popularity of the team (Grimaldi, 2007). However, this compromises the value of authentic memorabilia, the ability or government to protect consumer rights and commercial laws and the intellectual property rights of the teams. The protection of these stakeholders requires that vendors have the proper license both from the government and sports teams, which in the case of the Boston Red Sox, through Major League Baseball (MLB) authorities. In doing so both parties will be able to monitor the merchandise being commercialized and collect the taxes and royalties due them respectively (Tozzi, 2003). In turn, buyers are ensured of the authenticity, quality and safety of the products they are purchasing with full backing of civil and criminal statutes. WIPRO (2007a) notes that that this will also help alleviate the price of sports memorabilia because the price of genuine products will not be beefed up in order to compensate for unauthorized products. At the same time, the unlicensed vendors compromise the rights of legal retailers who bear the burden of licensure fess, taxation and regulation (Grimaldi, 2007). The effect of the lack of proper vendor licensing in Boston is not limited to commercial regulation. It also impacts the protection of consumer and intellectual property rights. It provides neither the movement the means to monitor or control the proliferation of knock-offs and consumers or sports organizations the means to bring action against violators. Thus, it is important that vendors have the proper license to sell so that all parties, sports teams, consumers and vendors alike, can enjoy full benefits of the law and not compromise each others rights. References Grimaldi, Paul (2007). The business of baseball. Projo Online, October 27. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www. projo. com/business/content/BZ_MLB_GEAR_10-27-07_KF7L00S_v20. 2551554. html Tozzi, John (2003). Red Sox and BRA agree on Yawkey Way. The Daily Free Press, January 22. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://media. www. dailyfreepress. com/media/storage/paper87/news/2003/01/22/News/Red-Sox. And. Bra. Agree. On. Yawkey. Way-349123. shtml World Intellectual Property Rights Organization (2007a). Enforcement Advisory Body Examines Criminal Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. WIPO Press Room, November 5. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www. wipo. int/pressroom/en/articles/2007/article_0082. html World Intellectual Property Rights Organization (2007b). International Conference Underlines Role of IP in the Creative Industries. WIPO Press Room, October 31. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www. wipo. int/pressroom/en/articles/2007/article_0080. html

Themes of Tradition in Literature

Themes of Tradition in Literature Evolving Traditions Traditions are important because they transmit stories, shared values, and aspirations from generation to generation. Traditions offer guidance and assists in a group of people sharing a collective identity. Overtime the origin/meaning of a tradition may become obscured or lost in time, and when that happens the tradition can either fade from existence or be blindly followed even though the original meaning may have been lost. The stories The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, and A Worn Path by Eudora Welty have many themes, but; one underling theme throughout them all, is tradition. In Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Once a year the villagers amass in the center of town to partake in the lottery. They anticipate the arrival of Mr. Summers and the black box, inside the box are slips of paper with one having a black dot. Whoever draws the dot wins and precedes to get stoned to death. The reason behind this is unknown to the villagers, but it is a tradition they are not willing to abandon. According to critics Jacksons tradition theme is a modern representation of the primitive annual scapegoat rite to appease the forces of the new year, to insure fertility. Primitive man, it seems, could not distinguish natural from moral phenomenaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Used to be a saying Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. (Lainhoff). The meaning behind the Lottery lost but the villagers refuse to abandon it, simply because it is tradition. In A Rose for Emily a young woman in the early 1900s refuses to accept change, she did not join the new society and lives in the past. Emily did not acknowledge her father and the colonels death, she did not update to the new way of living. Emily did not pay taxes and her house had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street Emily had become a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town. the difference between the attitude of Judge Stevens (who is over eighty years old) and the attitude of the young man who comes to him about the smell at Emilys place. For the young man (who is a member of the rising generation) it is easy. For him, Miss Emilys world has ceased to exist. (West). In the end, Emilys derangement is revealed when the community enters her bedroom and they see a long strand of iron-gray hair on the pillow beside Ho mer Barrons corpse when traditions and its values center around hereditary privilege, it will eventually lead to social decay. Emilys life and her decaying house symbolize the effects of accepting ignorance and complacency when its built-in traditions. Eudora Weltys A Worn Path shows Phoenix Jackson an elderly woman traveling a treacherous path numerous times in order to get medicine to save her grandsons life overtime the journey has become a sort of tradition for her. Like Phoenix, you work all your life to find your way, through all the obstructions and the false appearances and the upsets you may have brought on yourself, to reach a meaning-And finally too, like Phoenix, you have to assume that [you] are working in [the] aid of life, not death. (Barnhisel). Phoenix is old and near the end of her life, but; like a phoenix she rises. She starts the journey mentally prepared to overcome the obstacles that await her. Her grandson symbolizes the new Phoenix that will be given life when she perishes. When a traditions origin/meaning are no longer known, it begs the question; should the tradition still be followed as in The Lottery and that traditions centered around unchecked hereditary privilege may lead to social ruin, like Emily in A rose for Emily and that new-found traditions in the service of aiding your loved ones can help you rise above many obstacles like Phoenix in A Worn Path. Traditions are a wondrous part of any culture, but; if the meaning is unknown and the ritual goes unchecked should it still be followed? References Lainhoff, Seymour. The Lottery Short Stories for Students, vol. 1, Gale Virtual  Reference Library. Gale Research, 1997. West, B. Ray,Jr. A Rose for Emily Short Stories for Students, vol.6, Gale Virtual Reference  Library. Gale Research, 1999. Barnhisel, Greg. A Worn Path Short Stories for Students, vol. 2, Gale Virtual Reference  Library. Gale Research, 1997.

Gangs Essay -- Youth Gangs Essays

Gangs Works Cited Missing Gangs are a violent reality that people have to deal with in today's cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do some kids feel that being in a gang is an acceptable and prestigious way to live? There are many different theories to these questions. On the surface, gangs may appear to be shallow and materialistic; a result of human beings' personal wants, but there are speculations that are more profound. In reference to the way humans are influenced in society, there is valid evidence to distribute blame at negative forces of economic disadvantages, capitalism, and the media. Along with gang membership comes easy gains for the gang member. The gang members are easily consumed with the money, power, protection, and thrill that being a part of a gang can offer. Instead of committing to a 9 to 5, considering if the unemployment rate would permit it, gang members can easily get the desirables all rolled into the package that accompanies gang initiation. They get the sense of identity, status, and boost in self-esteem that human nature craves, (Grinney 76) but not without the cons. The risks that these gang members take on include loosing their lives to the spur of a few short-term thrills.  ¡Ã‚ °[The appeal of] Gang life is predicated on immediate economic gain from drug and other crime profits and social gain from the agency of rulelessness. Mainstream life is oriented toward the future, and social and material gains are slower but steadier, more reliable, and less risky. ¡Ã‚ ± (Fleisher 214) Even though, the material gains seem to be the obvious temptat ion, there are deeper meanings to why these children turn to gangs. Gang members are being influenced by a society in which while the negative ... ...rs were just two in the many tragic accidents that are provoked by obscenity such as Gangsta Rap. U.S. District Judge Jose Gonzales declared a rap group ¡Ã‚ ¯s (2 Live Crew) albums obscene saying  ¡Ã‚ °Obscenity is not a protected form of speech under the U.S. Constitution. ¡Ã‚ ±(Tucker 21) It is entirely unfortunate that so many of America ¡Ã‚ ¯s youth are subjected to such low standards of life that they turn to gangs just to stay alive only to end up dying. In prevention of the risks of gang membership, the society should begin taking drastic measures. If home life for a child has its tribulations, let there be a positive society, a resourceful community, or a caring neighbor that he can turn to. It would make the task of minimizing gangs a lot less complicated if the negative influences of the media, capitalism, and flaws of the economic situation were also being minimized.

Harshness and Cruelty in Streetcar Named Desire :: Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire

One of the main themes expressed by Tennessee Williams in his play, A Streetcar Named Desire, is to condemn those who display cruelty and harshness in their treatment of others, especially those who are weak and vulnerable.   Three characters who demonstrate these insensitive qualities are Blanche, Mitch, and Stanley.   Whether the cruelty is deliberate or not, it results in the destruction of others, both physically and mentally. Blanche Dubois, the central victim of mistreatment in the play, was herself, dealing out her share of insensitivities during her younger days.   When Blanche was 16, she had a very handsome lover named Allan Gray.   She was very much in love with him and decided to marry him.   But by total surprise one night, Blanche found her lover in bed with another man.   She tried to pretend that nothing had happened.   However, she was unable to hold what she saw inside, and told Allan "I saw,   I know, you disgust me†¦"( p.96). To Allan, Blanche seemed to be a person who accepted him for who he was in a society where homosexuals are discriminated against. What Blanche said completely devastated Allan and he found no reason to continue living.   Although Blanche had no intentions of hurting Allan, enough damage was done to prompt Allan to shoot himself, his mind and body destroyed. The harsh treatment dealt by Mitch to Blanche near the end of the play is strikingly similar to Blanche's treatment of Allan Gray.   Mitch is a friend of Stanley's whom Blanche falls for during her visit to New Orleans.   The relationship between Blanche and Mitch had been developing steadily.   Both characters felt the need to settle down in life and both saw the image of marriage at the outcome of their relationship.   It did seem as though the image would become reality, until Stan interfered.   Stan filled Mitch's mind with unfavourable stories of Blanche's checkered past and the relationship quickly turned sour.   Mitch had not believed Stan at first, but when he received confirmation of the truth to Stan's accusations, he became heart-broken and enraged.   Mitch goes to confront Blanche personally and accuses her of being a prostitute and lying to him.   Mitch also says that Blanche is hiding something, as he has never seen her in broad daylight.   He then tears the paper lantern off the light bulb, representing a tearing away of Blanche's shield from realism. Blanche admits to the accusations but reasons that she has changed her ways and never did lie in her heart.   Mitch appears to forgive her as he goes to kiss Blanche.   But in the midst of the embrace, Mitch blurts out, "You're not clean

American Rice Inc. in Vietnam

American Rice’s strategy is to expand internationally by using one of the three main rice manufacturers in Vietnam. The horizontal integration with Vianafood allowed ARI to expand internationally and enter new markets. This expansion within the same industry was necessary for ARI in order to achieve an economy of scale. This venture brings ARI a larger customer base, bigger facilities, the first American rice maker in Vietnam, a larger work force, lower cost production, new relationships with suppliers and customers, and tax benefits as a result of the joint venture. ARI’s main input for the joint venture is to set up a management team that will run the operation and to consult the plant operation, plant design, improvements, and marketing. Also, ARI will provide machinery, equipment, technology and some working capital. In contrast, Vianafood’s main input was to provide a sufficient quantity and decent quality rice at a competitive cost, obtain government license, and tax benefits from the government. In addition, Vianafood will provide their Can Tho property, rice milling, equipment, labor, and other infrastructure at Can Tho. Another aspect that ARI was able to benefit from is that Vietnam offered consistent exportable rice volumes. The Vietnamese rice industry did not overlap with the same markets as ARI. This can potentially increase the market share and sales for both companies. U. S. share of world rice trading was in decline and U. S. rice imports were rising. Vietnamese offered low cost rise production, room for expansion, increasingly business friendly. I believe that ARI is taking the right steps in order to become a bigger international competitor in the rice market. However, I don’t think it will be enough to reach their goals. Also, I think that their plan for this joint venture is not coordinated tightly enough from a managerial aspect. ARI is not paying enough attention to the culture of this business in Vietnam and to the uncertainty and dependency of Vianafood on the government regulations that can dramatically affect the success of this venture. On the other hand, ARI research on the rice market in Vietnam proves that there is a potential of success and growth in this market. Exhibit B shows that both sides mostly work in the same line of business, and both companies can benefit from the relationship. For example, ARI can benefit Vianafood with their higher quality rice, while Vianafood can benefit ARI with lower production costs. I believe that what will determine the success of the venture is whether ARI will be able to culturally develop their business strategy in a collaboration with Vianafood and whether the government regulation will change, and as a result force changes on the terms of the arrangement. The expansion mode that ARI uses to expand into Vietnam is an Alliance, but more specifically, it is a joint venture mode. Both sides come into an agreement of investing funds and resources, and agreeing on a management team that will lead the venture. Yes, I believe that this mode is a good mode of expansion for both of the companies. Both exhibit A and exhibit C show the benefits of an alliance for both sides. This analysis shows that the risk to benefit ratio of ARI acquiring Vianafood is too great and therefore it will be much smarter to go with an alliance. ARI has other alternatives for expanding into Vietnam. Those alternatives are; buying out an exciting company in Vietnam, merging with a company in Vietnam for a certain amount of equity, or a non equity merging. I think that their decision of expansion mode was the best choice out of these options and their potential of success in the Vietnamese market will be higher relative to the risk that is invested. Yes, I think that this investment will be necessary for the success of this venture. In exhibit D, you can see the potential gains relative to the investment, which clearly shows that according to the net present value calculation the investment should be made. Adding to the finances the value from this investment is very substantial for the ability of both companies to be successful in the global rice market. If we play with the numbers a little and add depreciation to the equation we can see that the useful life of the equipment is 17 years, which can be depreciated in a value of $472,753 per year. System savings plus market premium totals at $1,990,000, giving a total income from the investment after depreciation (before tax) of $1,517,246 per year. Also, the added value of this machinery (taking the financials out of the equation) is very substantial for this ventures success because it can make a higher quality rice with more nutrients and still be saleable at a competitive price. The parboil facility will increase the total yield of rough rice, prevent the loss of nutrients, salvage wet or damaged rough rice and rice germination. Other than the health and quality benefits, the parboil facility has major economic benefits as well. The cost savings were the process of drying the rice, which made the whole process more efficient, the decrease in loss of rice, which was 30%, and the improvement of the whole grain rice yield of about 10%-20%, which increased the quality of rice as well. I believe after looking at the whole picture of financials and the added value that the parboiling facility will add it is an important investment for the success of this joint venture.

Mitochondrial Myopathy Disorder Health And Social Care Essay

A â€Å" vitamin D † bottle of O is now in the house for good due to the frequence of the chest & A ; back musculus cramp. triggers can be â€Å" obvious † eg allergic reaction ( pollens, grasses, cats and Canis familiariss ) ; weather ; dramatic alterations in temperature ( eg: can non travel shopping in the country that some shops maintain at â€Å" icebox temperatures † . Occasionally I can acquire off with it if I merely need milk – I can keep my breath long plenty to acquire that, but I have to travel every bit rapidly as I can or the musculuss can spasm. However, the latter is still far better to â€Å" run the gantlet † for than what I have to â€Å" travel through † if I inhale the cold air ) . If I do hold to travel out into the cold during the winter months ( normally merely to travel to Doctors ) I must guarantee that I am adequately clothed, do certain that I am have oning my ski-goggles ( to maintain the cold air off from the ocu lus country, so that the oculus musculuss do n't spasm ) , and that I can take a breath â€Å" through † something ( like a warm scarf – I have a manner that where I can put the scarf merely a small higher at the forepart, and no-one realises what is truly â€Å" taking topographic point † ) ; A SUDDEN MOVEMENT OF ANY NATURE â€Å" AT THE WRONG MOMENT † , OR SIMPLY BEING UNABLE TO MOVE, BE IT EVER SO SLIGHTLY AT LEAST EVERY 15 MINUTES, REGARDLESS OF THE TIME OF DAY. The conditions or the trouble in being able to â€Å" writhe † or â€Å" shuffle † or travel the weaponries and custodies are the major factors doing the really painful â€Å" bad cramp † .BOTH VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES ARE AFFECTED BY THE MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERTHE VOCAL CHORD MUSCLES HAVE DEGENERATED TO THE POINT WHERE THEY NO LONGER Work ALL THE TIME. ANY ATTEMPT AT SPEACH IMMEDIATELY BRINGS ON ACUTE PAIN AND CHRONIC SPASMS IN THE THROAT AND NECK WHEN THE VOCAL C HORDS BECOME PAINFUL AND THROBBING WHEN STRAINING TO SPEAK.Changeless INFLAMATION IS IN THE VOCAL CHORD / THROAT AREA.I HAVE BEEN ADVISED BY DR. WOOD NOT TO SPEAK BECAUSE OF THE NOW CONSTANT Menace OF MAJOR INFECTION, BUT THIS HAS PROVEN TO BE IMPRACTICAL, AND I HAVE LEARNED TO MANAGE THIS TO BE ABLE TO SPEAK THE MAJORITY OF THE TIME.WHEN NECESSARY, I USE A LAPTOP FOR ALL SPEECH/VOCAL COMMUNICATION NOW. I ALSO MAKE WHAT NOISE I CAN BY CLAPPING MY HANDS OR THIGHS [ I try non to stomp my pess as that gives the incorrect feeling ] , DEPENDING ON CIRCUMSTANCES AND SITUATION TO GAIN THE ATTENTION OF THE 2ND/3RD PARTY REQUIRED IF THE MATTER IS IMPORTANT.I AM NOT STUPID OR DEAF, AND MY â€Å" MENTAL FACULTIES † ARE FULLY COMPREHENSIVE. PLEASE SPEAK NORMALLY.Muscle â€Å" Problem † – Diagnosis by Dr Katekar:There are at least ( 2 ) neurological upsets, 2 muscular upsets and mitochondrial upset [ non genetic/hereditary ] . The Mitochondrial Disorder has caused Muscle Atrophy and Weakness resulted in an instability in the musculus fluids ( but NOT Dystrophin, although non good this fluid is produced sufficiently to Govern OUT Muscular Dystrophy ) , with Acute/Chronic Pain. There are 3 types of hurting, necessitating 3 types of medicines for â€Å" alleviation of kinds † ; and Chronic Muscle Spasm in BOTH the Voluntary and Involuntary Muscular Systems eg: Voluntary Muscles: legs, weaponries, bole of organic structure, stop and upper trunk [ this can do major jobs take a breathing and there is oxygen kept in the place for this intent, guaranting O impregnation is at an acceptable degree despite dramatic deceleration of heart/pulse. Requests for the Blood Trials to Confirm this for entry to DVA have been refused on the evidences that my life would be at great hazard, as my heart/pulse beads to around 50bpm and blood force per unit area drops at best, to approx 60 over 70 [ mean [ normal ] blood forc e per unit area for me is 70 over 90 ; eyes ( doing blurred and/or dual vision to impermanent sightlessness of unpredictable clip frame. If unable to talk at these times, I use deaf/blind sign language ) . It is non unusual for an oculus musculus to spasm, doing said oculus to be â€Å" immobilised † for the continuance of the cramp, and the other to travel usually. It has been known for both eyes to spasm at the same clip. This is farther complicated at present by fast turning Cataracts, which are scheduled for remotion whilst I am â€Å" In Remission † ; pharynx ( trouble swallowing, and â€Å" little stairss † often halt medicine go throughing into the tummy, particularly if merely 1 tablet is being taken ) . The pharynx is besides â€Å" unfastened † from vocal preparation in my teens and early 20s and it is non uncommon for the vocal chords to acquire inflamed or infected. This is minimised by regular â€Å" intervention † of a one-fourth a le mon followed by sipped Dry Ginger Ale ; vocal chords have degenerated doing them to be strained, annoyed and inflamed. I sip Dry Ginger Ale to ease this, but the menace of major infection is now a invariable, and I have been advised by Dr Wood non to talk or whisper at all. I use a laptop computing machine for all speech/vocal communicating now ; jaw musculuss cramps make eating hard, although non impossible, and I tend to maintain to soups, soft nutrients and fluids at these times. Involuntary Muscles: tummy, vesica merely. The vesica is now dystrophic and I â€Å" maintain a mental oculus on my unstable consumption and what is â€Å" passed † . If I feel that there is an instability, and fluid is being retained, I so use catheters to guarantee that the vesica is being wholly emptied to cut down infection and take the Lasix until it is one time once more â€Å" under control † ( if infection is indicated so I start a class of anti-biotics instantly – this has proven to be greatly good, maintaining the infection mild and minimal ) . Another Fluid Chart has been kept from Mid January, 2009 to supervise that all is one time once more as it should be, and whether catheters are being used. Please make non waver to bespeak a transcript of the Chart if required ; diaphragm merely ; big intestine ( when the musculuss spasm, it is hard to make more than a â€Å" little † gesture. As there has been an escalated frequence in this, and it takes an norm of 7 yearss before the intestine starts to empty anything like â€Å" to the full † , suppositories are traveling to be trialled to see if they can give equal alleviation and cut down the hazard of any â€Å" nasties † developing ; little intestine ; pes musculuss ; facial musculuss ; neck musculuss ( jobs can be caused in the cervical spinal column as a consequence of this, every bit good as terrible concerns. Migraines are non uncommon and hurting or blaze related ) ; etc. The lone â€Å" musculus † that appears to be working at its best, without â€Å" bugs † is the bosom, despite all the musculuss around it traveling into chronic cramps, although this happening does decelerate it down. To day of the month, all trials are clear despite the low blood force per unit area ( and I am making my best to guarantee that it stays that manner ) . MY PHARMACY IS TORONTO AMCAL PHARMACY For any questions the REFERRING PHARMACIST is SAM ZOGHBI FOR RELIEF and / or aid DURING PERIODS OF MUSCLE SPASMS ( these can be of short ( if treated rapidly ) or prolonged continuance. There is no â€Å" put † clip frame here – it can travel on for hebdomads, necessitating the pickings of medicines for an drawn-out period of clip, including the IM Injections, although these are merely used when perfectly necessary. Oral medicine merely is preferred ) : TRAMAL 50mg ARE GEL CAPSULES and are SLOWER TO RELEASE into the system. This medicine is the lone analgesic able to be used because of my Opiate Allergy, and so merely for every bit short a period of clip as possible. If the stop muscles spasm, unwritten medicine takes excessively long – I am unable to inhale, as the musculuss maintain fastening around the lungs/diaphragm. For the cramp ‘ it ‘s unwritten BUSCOPAN and VALIUM ( 10 to 40 milligram ) . I self inject into the thigh musculuss DIAZAPAM ( 2mls to 12mls ie 1- 4 phials ) when it â€Å" hurts large clip † . Quick Relief. The 6 phials are merely used if bulk of all musculuss are in cramp, and particularly the stop to throat musculuss and similar up the back. This â€Å" event † is Rare. It feels like I ‘ve got a large broad set of steel around my organic structure and that it is being continually tightened. The hurting does n't assist. Oxygen is besides indispensable when the musculuss are at this pont.FOR MEDICAL PROCEDURES [ USUALLY IN THEATRE ] and MRIs REQUIRING MUSCLE SPASM FREE IMMOBILITY FOR MORE THAN 10 MINUTES:No â€Å" pre-medication † prior any GENERAL OR LOCAL ANAESTHETICWITH THE EXCEP TION OF:30mls MEDAZOLAN to be injected IV prior.MRIs require a General Anaesthetic.CT Scans, ULTRASOUNDS and NUCLEAR SCANS require VALIUM [ DIAZAPAM ] IM Injections [ ego administered ] and Buscopan, the latter depending on the process and clip frame required 30 proceedingss prior Scans so to guarantee musculuss are spasm free and to help by leting me to put level for a minimum clip. 30mls IV Valiumor Medazolan is required for drawn-out processs and this needs to be â€Å" topped up † with 10mls every 30 proceedingss [ please refer to Medical Records at John Hunter Hospital when I had to hold a Nuclear Scan ] . POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ( PTSD ) – Primary and secondary, has been diagnosed. This is being treated by Dr Kim John Street, Swansea. Allergies: ALL OPIATES, including: Morphine ; CODEINE ; PETHADINE ; and ALL RELATED MEDICATIONS AND INJECTIONS ; ALL PLASTERS except HYPAFIX by BSN medical As it is non often used or stocked, I guarantee that I carry some all the clip – you will happen I ever have some with me, and kept in a bluish vinyl, 2 zippered â€Å" billfold † with my medicines and injection rubs. Any lesion will necessitate some kind of dressing before the aerated plaster is put on ( for obvious grounds ) I do do up some into â€Å" set AIDSs † , used chiefly when I need any injections or blood trials. DO NOT USE MICROPORE OR ANY OTHER PLASTER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES. GAUZE BANDAGES ARE OK IF THE HYPAFIX IS UNSUITABLE. Plastic SKIN, OR OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS, INCLUDING â€Å" LIQUID BANDAIDS † MAXILON, TOTAL INTOLERANCE = must be given STEMETIL BARIUM, INFLAMATION OF ALL â€Å" DIGESTIVE TRACT †WHEAT ; RYE ; KIBBLE & A ; OTHER â€Å" DRY † GRASSES/GRAINS AND GLUTEN including family â€Å" Lawn Grass † ;DUST & A ; MOULDSCATS, DOGS HORSES & A ; COWS ;WATTLE & A ; POLLENSKNOWN REACTIONS TO ALLERGIES:â€Å" MEDICATIONS † & amp ; â€Å" WATTLE † & amp ; â€Å" POLLENS † = ACUTE SWELLING INTERNALLY, WITH ITCHING ; POSSIBLE FULL MUSCLE COLLAPSE, INCLUDING = CHRONIC NAUSEA ; VOMITING ; DIFFICULTY BREATHING ; THROAT CONGENSTION â€Å" Plasters † = RED RASH DEVELOPING INTO A FORM OF WELT, EXTREMELY ITCHY and OFTEN LOOKING LIKE A BAD SCALD, WHICH EVENTUALLY BLISTERS – Time FRAME CAN VARY DUE TO CIRCUMSTANCES. Grasss, Cats, Dogs, Horses and Cows: â€Å" Swelling AND EXCESSIVE WATERING OF EYES † â€Å" WELTS † and â€Å" CHRONIC Itch † , AT ALL PHYSICAL CONTACT POINTS List of Previous Operationss and Anaesthetics & A ; /or Hospitalisation, including twelvemonth and Hospital Year Operation & A ; /or Hospitalisation and Details 2009 Cataract Right Eye Removed by Dr David Manning at Hunter Valley Private Hospita cubic decimeter 2009 Larynx Infection – Kurri Kurri District Hospital 2009 Larynx Infection – Maitland District Hospital 2009 Lumbar Spine Traction and Larynx Infection – Lingard Private Hospital 2009 Larynx Infection – Belmont Hospital 2009 Larynx Infection – Belmont Hospital 2009 Cataract Left Eye Removed by Dr R Griffits at Toronto Private Hospital Chronic Chest Pain, Muscle Pain and referral to and monitoring by Pain Clinic [ John Hunter Hospital so transferred to Rehab at Toronto Private Hospital ] Possible Spinal Fracture – Lumbar ( subsequently diagnosed Lumbar Spine status aggravated and T8 wedged and stress break by T7 and T9 ) [ Lingard Private Hospital ] Multiple Cyst Removals ( assorted topographic points on Scalp ) [ Newcastle Mater Hospital medazolan used ] Multiple Cyst Removals ( both Breasts ) and Nipple Reconstruction ( RightBreast ) [ Belmont Hospital medazolan used ]Left Shoulder Rotator Cuff Surgery for break [ Hunter Valley Private Hospital ] 1991/1992 Probes of Muscle Disorder and admittance for possible spinal harm as a consequence of backwards autumn in the wheelchair [ Prince Henry Hospital – Records should now be held at Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick ] 26 Cysts removed from Head and Full Body [ Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick ] Multiple Haemorrhoids removed [ Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick ]Muscle Biopsy – Deltoid Muscle Left Arm [ Orange Private Hospital ]Colonoscopy – non completed due to Chronic Muscle Spasm of the Bowel [ Dubbo Clinic ] Spinal Manipulation [ Dubbo Base Hospital ] Hysterectomy – Womb Merely [ Crown Street Womens Hospital – Records are now at Royal Womens Hospital, Sydney ] 1981 – 1973 D & A ; C ‘s every 3 – 5 months ( about 11 surgeries that are remembered ) [ Gosford District Hospital and Crown Street Womens Hospital ] 1977 Reconstruction of Bridge of Nose due to poisoning of Sinuses [ Royal North Shore Hospital ] Very Large Tumour Removal from cervix ( approx 18cm x 9cm ) [ Royal North Shore Hospital ] Appendectomy [ Gosford District Hospital ] Removal 4 Molars [ Wyong Hospital ] Hernia in Groin – fix to exceed of leg by Plastic Surgeon [ Brisbane Hospital ]Full Reversal Blood Transfusion – â€Å" Rhesus Baby † [ Unscreened Blood had Hepatitus B Strain, but Liver Functions [ closely monitored ] show no indicants, and are normal ] . Please bespeak a transcript of the Last Blood Test for Your Records & A ; General Information [ Crown Street Womens Hospital – Records now at RoyalWomens Hospital, Sydney ]Pregnancies: 4 ten Miscarriages so Daughter Born 09/01/1952 [ Crown Street Womens Hospital – Records now held at Royal Womens Hospital, Sydney ] ; 1 ten Miscarriage so Son Born 03/02/77 ; [ Crown Street Womens Hospital – Records now held at Royal Womens Hospital, Sydney ]GENERAL INFORMATIONI usually have really low blood force per unit area: it is non unusual for it to be 60/70, and after general anesthetics, it has been known to be in the high 40s-low 50s over 60-70. My pulsation is besides â€Å" slow † : seldom greater than 60 per minute, and it is non unusual for it to be in the low 50s. It has been known to be in the high 40s for considerable periods of clip.The above rates are non a consequence of musculus cramps, although they can lend to said degrees.Both my low blood force per unit area and decelerate pulsation have been apparent for every bit long as I can remember [ my female parent besides has changeless low blood force per unit area ] . If I feel that there is an at hand job with blood O soaking up, I have some O and albuterol instantly, and remain on it until my coloring material has returned â€Å" to normal † and my pulsation has increased to above 60. Although non a frequent happening, it has occurred frequently plenty for me to hold this â€Å" a criterion operating process † when I feel that my pulsation has dropped a small excessively low and my skin coloring material changed – albeit merely little. There has been considerable concern during the last 12 months about these degrees and I have learned a manner of intensifying them, but it is a difficult subject to keep, and when stressed or dying, I merely ca n't look to pull off to â€Å" draw it up † I DO Not hold asthma and a bosom status has non been diagnosed, although regular ECGs are ever done anterior any â€Å" medical processs † , and when it is felt to be necessary to guarantee that the musculuss have caused no harm or other â€Å" bugs † , particularly as chest musculus cramp is â€Å" common † . I ‘ve had several ECGs of late – all indicate a really slow bosom rate, but no-one has expressed concern at this [ pulsation is averaging 54 at present ]I am besides intolerant of onion and Allium sativum as a consequence of the degenerated sphincter musculuss at the tummy [ this does non include â€Å" spring onions † or â€Å" peppers † – there has been no reaction to them to day of the month.Dry Ginger Ale sooths and helps the vocal chords, although it is accepted that the â€Å" harm † [ devolution ] will non be able to be â€Å" improved † .Thank you for your clip and apprehension of these recent alterati ons, and your forbearance. Update: 5th July, 2010 I am Dr Mannings patient for my eyes. Both have had cataract surgery and the 3.8mm+ ocular nervousnesss are damaged from the mitochondrial upset over 10 old ages ago. The Guide Dog Association has come back on board with retraining and reassurance with some Cane Work, which has helped my morale vastly. For low vision and blind periods. Professor Ghabrial had me in grip for two hebdomads in Lingard Hospital which was successful. It eased the hurting well from all the shrinkage and wedged vertebra that took topographic point while being out of remittal for some 10 uneven old ages. I had a autumn that once more made the spinal column Mobile and I have had a physical therapist gently rub my dorsum for some hebdomads, and this seems to hold helped. I have been advised to acquire an elastic surgical girdle when present chest â€Å" issues † have been resolved. I am now, gratefully, in full remittal, so hold legs do travel once more i?S – good carefully planned travels er walks. I am really careful non to exaggerate it and do them â€Å" want to give up and set down me on my proverbial butt † ! I was thrilled to happen that I was able to March in Sydney on Anzac Day in 2009 [ my late hubby, Bear, was one of the last smattering of Combat Field Engineers/Tunnel Rats to go forth Vietnam ] and so walked from Hyde Park to the â€Å" bottom terminal † of Wentworth Street without any jobs, and after holding â€Å" a drink † [ dry ginger ale ] with some of â€Å" the Mates † and a friend, went on to walk the short distance to Central ] . I had no jobs with my legs making any of this and neither were there jobs the undermentioned twenty-four hours, bespeaking the strengthening of the Remission â€Å" Stage † . It has got even better since so. I have no jobs walking to and from my place [ three blocks up the ridge above Toronto High School ] to Toronto shopping Centre, although I do non transport my purchases, but use a â€Å" shopping streetcar † General wellness is first-class. The Voluntary musculuss appear to hold stabilised peculiarly good [ the best since the late 1980s ] , the involuntary are prolonging and changeless in their present status = non great, but could be worse. The sphincter muscles work the least, the saddle sore vesica has shrivelled to virtually nil, the liver map is great as at the last blood trial, The vesica can non do up its head so I keep the catheters handy, and the intestine does its ain thing although it has been decided that if I am non happy with â€Å" my motions † for three yearss and there is no alteration on the 4th, I have been advised by Dr Sharon to utilize clyster to guarantee â€Å" the build-up † from the musculuss non desiring to let go of and remain spasmed, does non do jobs further down the path. No processs can be done internally, as, for illustration, with the small cameras attached to whatever, as the musculuss will spasm around them, and any tools being used every bit good, and has been deemed unsafe and perchance life threatening, depending on where. The Blood Gases blood trial still has to be done for DVA to pay for the O that I need and use and have been paying for for old ages, but non been done to day of the month because my blood force per unit area and bosom rate are excessively low and at least 14 physicians to day of the month hold denied me the pickings of the blood for the trial because they deem it to be life endangering. Without it – I continue to pay for all that is required to hold the O in the place and the â€Å" gas bottle in usage † . No worries the monthly $ 110 has become a portion of my general budget now – one gets used to holding to pay for these things. Dr Katekar has wanted me on specific minerals and vitamins to feed the musculuss and maintain the fluid degrees every bit high as possible – prescribed medicine – those originally put frontward are now covered by DVA and â€Å" the needed DVA test period of 3 months † will get down early January. They can so be appr oved for lasting prescription and with the status now being accepted, farther addendums can now be put frontward. I have found the Blackmores Magnesium to be an â€Å" indispensable † [ although I have found that the Thompsons Organic is better, it is besides harder to acquire ] . I am prone to fluid keeping as a consequence of the medicines that I am on, but this is now virtually under control and I am able to maintain such keeping to a minimal thanks to the Lasix fluid tablets as required. I merely take them when I feel the demand Internet Explorer I bloat with the fluid or experience the fluid is non being passed as it should and observe whether or non the vesica â€Å" issues † require the usage of catheters.I am unable to put level – period! My spinal and musculus conditions combined [ including wedged vertebrae ] , have made this impossible [ and yes, now being in remittal, I do seek, but to day of the month, pay a immense monetary value for it within a twosome proceedingss = chronic hurting and musculus cramps, worsening the already â€Å" shrunk spinal column † symptoms ] . To put level I need to be good medicated with anti-spasmodics including IM Injections, which I ever carry with me should the musculuss go into an unexpected cra mp. I have an electric bed at place with allows me to kip in a â€Å" zigzag † manner, taking every bit much emphasis off the back musculuss as possible. Yes, it is a important consideration with respects the grip, although non unsurmountable. With my voluntary musculuss bit by bit beef uping, it is a great feeling for me and has decidedly given me greater quality of life, being able to travel around independent of Jade – my wheelchair. The lone cloud on my skyline, as such, is my ability to talk and recent ache, uncomfortableness and rubing 24/7 and intermittent crisp hurting [ day-to-day ] in both my chests – really different from that which is caused by any of my musculuss in the yesteryear. The â€Å" little musculuss that create a span † between the vocal chords and the pharynx have atrophied and broken, making trouble to talk, although frustrating, does non trouble oneself me, being the 2nd clip unit of ammunition that I have â€Å" been here † and I have Sheeba [ my laptop ] to help me now, where in the past, I had My Bear [ late hubby ] who came with me to construe the sign language that I had to make, or guarantee that he was at that place to compose for me should my manus musculuss â€Å" give out † . Dr Sharon has advised me non to talk at all because of the chronic hurting induced by the annoyance, exasperation and redness that is created in the pharynx in that part, so that the infections are kept minimum. I need the same antibiotics if the vesica gets infected, and can non, because of my medicine allergic reactions, â€Å" have my organic structure acquire excessively used to taking them † in instance of â€Å" unsusceptibility â⠂¬  . That said, I have managed the hurting and uncomfortableness to be able to talk most of the clip, and there are distinguishable indexs when I need to halt and fall back to the laptop, and it now happens merely on occasion. WHEN THE LARYNX IS SWOLLEN, AS IT IS AT PRESENT I CAN SPEAK. IT ‘S A BIT ROUGH FIRST Thing IN THE MORNING BUT EXERCISES GET IT â€Å" UP AND RUNNING † Oklahoma AND I HAVE LEARNED TO LIVE WITH THE PAIN.IF THE SWELLING BECOMES TOO GREAT, THE LARYNX BLOCKS THE THROAT, CHOKING ME AND REQUIRING HOT DRINKS AND OXYGEN. THE BLOOD GASES DROP DURING THE BLOCKAGE – Acerate leaf SENSATIONS DOWN TO THE BREASTS AND AT THE SAME LEVEL IN THE ARMS.The custodies and pess are still a changeless job with spasms/cramps, hurting, pins and acerate leafs and all activities tire them, including keyboards, although I can work on them the longest. Thank goodness I have been an Executive Secretary in the yesteryear and that has stood beside me now. When the hands/fi ngers get weary, I have to take a interruption, although these are now going less frequent. I can non utilize my present brailler – the keys are excessively difficult for my fingers to press, but Vision Australia are traveling to interchange it for me for one with an easier keyboard, which will be great. Yes, I am larning Braille. My status includes periods of entire sightlessness and I have no purpose of halting my life because of it in the yesteryear, nowadays or hereafter. A TTY phone has besides been set up in the sofa room for me to do my phone calls. I call a Relay Officer to whom I type who I want to name, they dial the figure and on the â€Å" travel in front † I start typing what I want to state and they relay it to the individual I am naming. When she has finished what I have typed, she says â€Å" travel in front † and the individual I have called speaks straight to me, on their â€Å" travel in front † I so respond and so the conversation axial rotations on. It is non linking every bit easy as it should at nowadays, so it ‘s usage is minimum at present. Electronic mails have come to my deliverance until we can acquire the TTY â€Å" sorted out † . At this point in clip, I have put it awayaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦Nice!Having a high hurting tolerance does non do the appraisal of my conditions an easy thing for me.