The Jungle1 essays

The Jungle1 papers I feel amazingly lucky that all in all, working today families don't understanding as numerous catastrophes as the characters in Upton Sinclairs The Jungle experienced during the start of the twentieth century. While perusing The Jungle I discovered that the rights and government assistance of the normal American working man and lady have significantly expanded over the past hundred years. Albeit a portion of a similar social, monetary, and political issues despite everything happen in our general public, the issues are far less predominant than they were during the time Sinclair The epic follows the lives an enormous Lithuanian family during the mid 1900s that moves to the United States in the quest for opportunity and satisfaction. The group of eleven took what minimal expenditure they had with them to the United States with the desire for getting away destitution and giving a superior life to their youngsters. After a long, burdensome excursion over the Atlantic Ocean, the family showed up in New York and was cheated out a large portion of their investment funds by police who should secure them. The family kept on making a trip to Chicago (Packingtown), where they at last settled down. Upon appearance in Packingtown, the family discovered that the typical cost for basic items in the United States was unquestionably more costly than in Lithuania. To further add to the familys alarm, they discovered that the main work accessible to non-English talking, uneducated, and persevering workers such as themselves in Packingtown was scant, insecure, difficult, and risky. Packingtown was intended to make families reliant on working in plants. When a worker in an industrial facility hurt themselves or was became sick, they would rapidly be hurled aside what's more, loaded up with a new specialist. Managers in Packingtown requested 16 hour workdays from their workers and compensated them with ... <!

Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Example

Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Example Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Ive no more business to wed Edgar Linton than I must be in paradise; and if the mischievous man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldnt have thought of it. It would debase me to wed Heathcliff now; so he will never know how I love him; and that, not on the grounds that hes attractive, Nelly, but since hes more myself than I am (86). Catherine admits to Ellen that she adores Heathcliff however can't consider wedding him since he has been debased by Hindley. Heathcliff hears this discourse, and he leaves Wuthering Heights, not to return for a long time. ) Nelly, I see now, you think me a narrow minded scalawag; yet did it never strike you that if Heathcliff and I wedded we ought to be poor people? while, on the off chance that I wed Linton, I can help Heathcliff to rise, and spot him out of my siblings power? (87). Catherine reveals to Ellen what she accepts will occur with her marriage and her relationship to Heathcliff. She truly accepts that her union with Linton will wind up aiding Heathcliff, which obviously it doesn't. 3) My adoration for Linton resembles the foliage in the forested areas; time will transform it, Im very much aware, as winter changes the trees.My love for Heathcliff takes after the interminable rocks beneatha wellspring of minimal obvious enjoyment, however essential. Nelly, I am Heathcliff! Hes consistently, consistently in my mindnot as a joy, anything else than I am consistently a joy to myself, however as my own being (88). The degree of the affection among Catherine and Heathcliff is appeared here. Heathcliff expresses comparable things all through the novel. 4) Id as before long put that little canary into the recreation center on a winters day, as prescribe you to give your heart on him!Hes not a harsh diamonda pearl-containing clam of a provincial: hes a savage, merciless, wolfish man (109). Despite the fact that she cherishes Heathcliff, Catherine understands the man he has become and emphatically prompts Isabella against engaging with him. Isabella thinks Catherine is just envious, and doesn't notice her recommendation. 5) You show me how barbarous youve been savage and bogus. For what reason do you loathe me? For what reason did you sell out your own heart, Cathy? I have not single word of solace. You merit this. You have slaughtered yourself. Indeed, you may kiss me, nd cry, and wring out my kisses and tears; theyll scourge you theyll damn you. You cherished methen what right had you to leave me? What rightanswer mefor the poor extravagant you felt for Linton? Since hopelessness, and corruption and passing, and nothing that God or Satan could dispense would have separated us, you, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heartyou have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine (170). As Catherine is sick and biting the dust she faults Heathcliff for her affliction, yet he discloses to her that it was she that left him and that all fault for their distress is hers. ) Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I executed youhaunt me, at that point! The killed do frequent their killers. I believeI realize that phantoms have meandered on earth. Be with me alwaystake any formdrive me distraught! just don't leave me in this void, where I can't discover you! Goodness God! it is unutterable! I can't live without my life! I can't live without my spirit! (176). Heathcliff enthusiastically argues for Catherine not to leave him after she has passed on. 7) I recouped from my first want to be slaughtered by him-Id rather hed execute himself!He has stifled my adoration effectively, thus Im at my simplicity (182). Isabella has at long last gotten away from Heathcliff and from her affection for him. She says this to Ellen as she is going to leave for another piece of England. 8) The assignment was done, not liberated from further botches, yet the understudy guaranteed a prize, and got at any rate five kisses which, be that as it may, he liberally returned. At that point, they went to the entryway, and from their discussion, I made a decision about they were going to issue out and have a stroll on the fields (321).In the finish of the novel Catherine has abandoned being an adversary of Hareton, and rather instructs him to peruse. The two are companions and are locked in to be hitched. 9) My old foes have not beaten me; presently would be simply the exact opportunity to vindicate on their delegates I could do it, and none could impede me. Be that as it may, where is the utilization? I dont care for striking, I cannot set aside the time to lift my hand. (336) Heathcliff has abandoned vengeance, as no longer has the will for it. It is simply because of this that he can see Catherine once more. 0) But the nation people, in the event that you asked them, would swear on their Bible that he strolls. There are the individuals who address having met him close to the congregation, and on the field, and even inside this house. Inactive stories, youll state, thus state I. However that elderly person by the kitchen fire insists he has seen two on em watching out of his chamber window, on each stormy night since his demise. (349). Ellen enlightens Lockwood concerning the how the nation individuals and Joseph have seen the phantoms of Heathcliff and Catherine strolling on the fields.

Athletes vs Couch Potatoes Essay -- Health Diet Exercise

For a long time, I’ve have been marked as a habitually lazy person because of my apathy and my absence of a sound eating regimen. All through my youth, I had not many companions and I remained inside my home, more often than not. I was consistently into sports, however I never got to really join a group and play with my companions since I never delighted in moving around. I never preferred to run, skip, or bounce since I was 20 lbs. overweight and I loathed perspiring because of the intense warmth. I appreciated sitting in the lounge chair throughout the day, sitting idle yet watching T.V, eating shoddy nourishment, playing computer games, and viewing the day pass by. Notwithstanding, I expected to transform myself around, so I joined the rec center, began to eat vegetables and white meat, rather than chips, treats, or other low quality nourishment, and I practiced every day. I was pleased by the outcomes toward the end since I felt sound, fit, and substantially more vivacious . Numerous previous habitually lazy people have become competitors since they embrace dynamic ways of life and eat more advantageous. Shockingly, a few people fall into the snare of an inactive way of life and keep up it that way. They remain lounging around, dozing, eating garbage, or viewing T.V. Competitors anticipate be associated with physical exercises, while habitually lazy people let life pass by. Because of contrasts in way of life, physical action and wellbeing, competitors are more advantageous and significantly more vivacious than love seat adoring partners. Competitors carry on with a more dynamic way of life than their sofa laying partners. They are either skilled with physical abilities or they train broadly to improve parity, quality, and adaptability by working out. Most Athletes go to the rec center around 2-3 times each week and do around 1-2 hours of cardio to improve their pulse and amplify fat-consuming. They rise promptly in the first part of the day or go o... ...† Nature Publishing Group 28 January 2009. 27 October 2010 http://www.nature.com/nrcardio/index.html â€Å"Why can a prepared competitor run a long distance race, yet a habitually lazy person can't run a large portion of a mile?† Discovery Communications Inc. n.d. 27 October 2010 http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellbeing/diet-wellness/data/question485.htm J. Anderson, L. Youthful and S. Earlier â€Å"Nutrition for the Athlete†. 2010 Colorado State University Extension. 12 May 2010. 26 October 2010 http://www.ext.colostate.edu/bars/foodnut/09362.html Albanesius, Chloe â€Å"More Than Half of U.S. Grown-ups Play Video Games† Ziff Davis, Inc. 08 Dec. 08. 27 Oct. 10. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2336392,00.asp Way of life â€Å"Health Effects of a Sedentary Lifestyle† LifeMojo Health Solutions Pvt Ltd. n.d. 26 October 2010. http://www.lifemojo.com/way of life/wellbeing impacts of-a-stationary way of life 44282279#ixzz14A8O9cyZ

A White Heron essays

A White Heron papers After the Civil War, Americans no longer relied exclusively upon farming as a lifestyle. Due to the innovative and financial advances in America, the beautiful and serene New England wide open was gradually being changed into a cutting edge, industrialist society. As an observer to these financial turns of events, Sarah Jewett composes A White Heron, an anecdotal, story about growing up that recounts to the tale of a little youngster living with her grandma in the wild as innovation gradually attempts to change the zone around her. A White Heron exhibits the significance of being faithful in protecting ones locale over the longing for individual and materialistic addition. As the story opens, the writer utilizes symbolism to give the peruser a feeling that the territory is exceptionally straightforward, safe, and secure. She sets up that Sylvia feels good and appreciates living on the homestead with her grandma. Despite the fact that she experienced childhood in the city, she discovers her home in the nation with her grandma. She becomes a close acquaintence with and grows close bonds with the creatures. The tone of the story changes after the enemy, an ornithologist from the city, defies Sylvia. He gets on Sylvias bond with the creatures and starts to ask about a white heron that he has been following. He plans to murder the fledgling, stuff it, and add it to his assortment. The tracker speaks to the headway of science and innovation and the decimation of nature. He is attempting to partake in nature with him to the city for perception and study. After Sylvia understands that she has seen the white heron previously, she sets out on an excursion to discover the winged creatures home by climbing a tree in the forested areas. This experience is talked about in extraordinary detail since it shows the fundamental characters battle and the deterrents that she experienced to discover the winged animals home. Climbing the enormous pine tree gives Sylvia harmony, comprehension, and point of view of the characteristic world around her. She starts to better ... <!

Uncommon Topics For Persuasive Essay

Uncommon Topics For Persuasive EssayUsing an uncommon topics for persuasive essay can help you stand out in the crowd. As long as your topic can be unique and intriguing, people will find it interesting and will want to learn more about you. Writing a persuasive essay is a skill that you can build over time. If you make it a habit to make yourself interesting in your topic, you can really use an uncommon topics for a persuasive essay.When writing an essay about a famous person, we often look for 'truths'facts.' So, the first thing you must do is learn how to 'tell a story' and explain the story. Using this technique, you can create an interesting and riveting topic that will make your reader interested in your opinion and knowledge. It's important to focus on the facts, but to also make sure you aren't being deceptive or telling them anything they don't already know.Another effective way to combine unusual topics with a traditional essay is to create an interesting and unique perspec tive on an everyday situation. This makes for an interesting topic that can be used in a number of different contexts.If you are trying to use uncommon topics for persuasive essay, make sure to think of an example of someone that you admire or someone that you consider a friend. This way, you will have something that your reader can relate to and will be able to get them excited about you and your topic.People always want to learn more about people they admire, so it's great to choose an unusual topic for a persuasive essay. You should not be afraid to include yourself or something you like in your topic. Uncommon topics for persuasive essay can help you stand out in the crowd.The next thing you should think about when using an uncommon topics for persuasive essay is to include yourself or a specific thing you are passionate about. Try to create something unique and exciting, such as a movie star, a bestselling author, or even a famous chef. It's important to write a persuasive essa y that you enjoy.Hopefully this article has given you some useful tips for writing a persuasive essay. Don't forget to keep yourself and your topic exciting and enjoyable. As long as you do your research, your topic will provide you with an impressive and interesting topic for a persuasive essay.

Statement of Purpose versus Personal Statement Knowing the Difference

Statement of Purpose If you’re applying to graduate school, then you might remember the headaches of that application process that you encountered many year ago. Maybe you struggled to decide on a topic for the personal statement, maybe you debated which extracurriculars were worth listing, or maybe you were torn between taking the ACT or SAT. But for all the anxieties induced by college applications, at least those applications (especially, if you remember, those sent through the Common App) spoke the same language: that is, most schools needed the same essential materials, asked the same kinds of questions, and expected the same kinds of answers. Graduate school applications, by contrast, are far less universal. Since many programs are highly specialized, you may be applying to several programs that each require their own unique statements and supporting materials. Even if you are applying to seemingly identical programs, one school may ask for a one page statement while another asks for three pages, one school may ask for five recommendations while another asks for three; the variations are endless! Just wrapping your head around the different application requirements can be tiring. In this post, I want to de-mystify one difference that I found particularly disorienting when I applied to graduate school: the distinction between the â€Å"statement of purpose† and the â€Å"personal statement.† Most graduate schools will ask for a statement of purpose, and only some will ask for a personal statement, so in the majority of cases, the statement of purpose is considerably more important. But pointing out the difference between the two statements also emphasizes what exactly a statement of purpose is (and what it is not!). As I mentioned earlier, the confusing lack of common terms across graduate school applications means that the following distinction might not even hold for all applications. You may, for example, come across a program that asks for a â€Å"personal statement,† but the actual essay prompt essentially describes the more standard â€Å"statement of purpose.† Or you might encounter a request for a very specific kind of personal statement--one that, for example, only focuses on your ethnic background. Be sure to fully read each application and any accompanying resources so that you address exactly what each application requires. With that important caveat aside, here are the distinctions for what are most commonly called the â€Å"statement of purpose† and the â€Å"personal statement:† Statement of Purpose Think of the statement of purpose like a cover letter. You might start off with something autobiographical or anecdotal, but most of the essay should be about your relevant training and technical career goals. A strong statement of purpose should: Focus on your specific research interests within a particular field Detail how your academic and professional experiences have developed those research interests and prepared you to pursue them at a higher academic level Explain how those research interests can be pursued at this particular institution in this particular program Here are some tips for writing an effective statement of purpose: Spend at least a paragraph discussing your interest in the specific program to which you’re applying. List specific professors whose work aligns with your own academic experience or research interests (and explain that connection). List specific institutions, programs, and opportunities associated with the program and explain how you would utilize them. Be as specific as possible about your research interests. This doesn’t mean you should know exactly what your dissertation topic will be in five years; but you should be able to identify a specific field within the department and professors who work in that field. Often admissions decisions are based on specialities (an English department probably doesn’t want an entire class studying Victorian literature and a biology department probably doesn’t want an entire class researching genetics), so narrowing your field can be essential. Anecdotes and autobiography can be effective in your introduction, but make sure the bulk of your statement is technical and academic. Only include extra-curriculars if they directly relate to your research interests. In all likelihood, your personal history has shaped your research interests, and your statement of purpose shouldn’t sound like a generic, lifeless script. But you primarily want to prove to the committee that you can succeed in coursework, excel in lab, finish a dissertation, or teach an undergraduate class. Personal Statement Think of the personal statement, by contrast, as more of a bio. You still want to mention your research interests and the specific program you’re applying to, but you also have an opportunity to flesh out your personal history. A strong personal statement should: Focus on the intersection of your personal, academic, and professional lives Detail various life experiences that have developed your character, work-ethic, and perspective Explain how your background particularly suits your for this program and/or will allow you to contribute a unique perspective to the community Some tips for writing an effective personal statement: Some institutions use the personal statement to assign various fellowships based on students’ backgrounds. If you’ve overcome or still face any barriers to education, this is an opportunity to explain those experiences. If you haven’t overcome any significant barriers, don’t stretch the truth. Instead, you might talk about how certain experiences have shaped your perspective or widened your understanding of the barriers that others face. Maybe you haven’t experienced any significant hardships but are still driven to help others who do, and you can discuss how this program will help you to achieve that goal. Or you might explain how you look forward to learning from a diverse and dynamic academic community. Though the personal statement is an opportunity to share information about yourself that might not directly map onto your academic career, you should still explain how your personal experiences ultimately make you a stronger student, colleague, and/or teacher. Hopefully these distinctions have helped to clarify some key terms you’ll encounter while applying to graduate school. While these essays are usually the hardest part of applications, they can also be the most rewarding. If you think carefully about why exactly you want to apply to a program, what exactly you would study while there, and how that experience fits into your larger personal history, you’ll be both a stronger candidate and graduate student. Need more help navigating the graduate admissions process? Our admissions coaches are here to walk you through the process. To find out more information,reach out now! ; Craving more blogs on the college admissions, graduate admissions, or phd admissions process? Read on, dear reader, read on! How You Should Be Asking For a Letter of Recommendation Application Consulting: In Praise of Messy Drafts College Admissions: Why Bad Things Happen To Good College Applicants

Causes And Solutions Of Food Insecurity - 1235 Words

INTRODUCTION This report will explore the impacts, causes and solutions of food insecurity and other contextual factors relating to Chad’s economic and financial crisis. STATEMENT OF FINDINGS Food security exists when everyone in the population has access to enough nutritious food to live an active and health life. In Chad there is no food security, because not everyone has enough food to eat. In fact, according to World Food Program 25-34.9% of Chad is undernourished. Chad is Africa’s 5th largest nation, known for its sacred Chad Lake. It has seven neighbouring countries whom are Sudan, Niger, Libya, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria and Darfur. Altogether they are all resided in North-East Africa. Currently, Chad has 14 million populations and 14.28 deaths occur in every 1000 people. Sadly, Chad has the 6th highest death rate in the world. The life expectancy for females is only 52.7 years and the male life expectancy is 50.8 years. In comparison to Germany, Chad’s longevity statistics has a tremendous differ in the life expectancy, incomes and health care by at least 48%. At the moment, Chad’s citizens have a low income, a loss of education and an alarming lack of health care. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), only 40.2% of the population can read and write. In addition, not only do Chad lack education, but only 87.9% have access to sanitation facilities and there is only 36% school enrolment within the country. Some major contextual factorShow MoreRelatedCauses And Solutions Of Food Insecurity1149 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION This report will explore the impacts, causes and solutions of food insecurity and other contextual factors relating to Chad’s economic and financial crisis. STATEMENT OF FINDINGS Food security exists when everyone in the population has access to enough nutritious food to live an active and health life. In Chad there is no food security, because not everyone has enough food to eat. In fact, according to World Food Program 25-34.9% of Chad is undernourished. Chad is Africa’s 5th largestRead MoreWhat Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World Today?1656 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the main causes of food insecurity in the world today? Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems Currently, millions of people across the globe suffer from under-nutrition and hunger. In 2007, the UN (United Nations) estimated that there are approximately 850 million people who suffer undernourishment in the world today. It also reported that 799 million undernourished people live in developing countriesRead MoreMain Causes of Food Insecurity1680 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the main causes of food insecurity in the world todayï ¼Å¸ Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems. Introduction World Food Summit defines food security as: â€Å"Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life†. (World Food Summit, 1996) On the contrary, the food insecurity means the situation people whoRead MoreEnvironmental Scarcity And Food Insecurity786 Words   |  4 PagesA. According to the FAO estimation, there are 840 million undernourished people in the world, and 95% of them are from developing countries. B. Environmental scarcity and food insecurity are critical factors that intensify the issue of malnutrition among people in most developing countries. C. d. Evidence health issue: - protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to a form of malnutrition where there is lack of calories and protein intake. There are two kinds of PEM: the nutritional edema andRead MoreChild Hunger in the USA Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are many people that cant afford to buy food for their families, many are also homeless. â€Å"While hunger affects people of all ages, its particularly devastating for children even short-term episodes of hunger can cause lasting damage.(â€Å"Child Nutrition Programs) Child hunger in the United States is caused by poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, and food shortage; however there are many solutions to this problem like FRAC strategies, food banks, summer feeding programs, and backpack feedingRead MoreEssay on Poverty in America: Hungry Children1601 Words   |  7 Pagespoor people in this country that cant afford to buy food for their families; many are homeless. â€Å"While hunger affects people of all ages, its particularly deva stating for children even short-term episodes of hunger can cause lasting damage (â€Å"Child Nutrition Programs). Child hunger in the United States is caused by poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, and food shortage; however there are many solutions to this problem like FRAC strategies, food banks, summer feeding programs, and backpack feedingRead MoreFood Security Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pages Background: Food security is the access to safe food that is good for the body and promotes a healthy life. Food security includes having food available in sufficient quantities, having food access meaning that you can obtain it easily, utilization of food, and the stabilization that food brings. About 850 million people do not get enough to eat. That is 1 in 8 people that are hungry. 3.1 million children under 5 years old die because they were hungry and didn’t have enough food security. Sub-SaharanRead MoreThe Rights Of Human Rights1599 Words   |  7 Pagesdoubt that throughout history women have been, and are still inferior in many countries. With a population of over 7 billion people on this planet, there are 795 million people who go to bed hungry every night (WFP). The solutions that we’ve put implemented thus far to improve food security have not been sustainable. Human Rights, as defined by the United Nations are, â€Å"rights inherent to all human beings [...] We are al l equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights areRead MoreThe Food Security Is Defined By The World Health Organization 20151749 Words   |  7 PagesFood security is defined as ‘when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life’ (The World Food Summit 1996, quoted by The World Health Organization 2015). Thus food insecurity is any situation that deviates from this definition. The research for this report was carried out in Todmorden, West Yorkshire and focused on Incredible Edible, a local food growing and campaigning group. The organisation is run by volunteers, and their aimRead MoreObesity : Childhood Hunger And Poverty1146 Words   |  5 Pagesa wealthy nation, yet 10.6% of households with children (4.2 million) suffer from food insecurity [1]. Low-income households are also much more likely than others to suffer from childhood hunger, caused by a recurrent or involunt ary lack of food. The USDA defines food insecurity as â€Å"limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways† [2]. Yet, obesity of children in America has become a

Values and Morals in A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt...

Values and Morals in A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt In the play A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt the audience learns about the extraordinary life of Sir Thomas More. Sir Thomas is faced with a moral dilemma that will determine the outcome of his life. More, chancellor of England , and a strong Christian believer is forced to choose between his close friend, King Henry VIII, and the supreme lord his God. More is a man of moral integrity because he refuses to submit to external pressures to sign the oath condoning the Act of Supremacy. He follows his heart and soul in doing what he believes to be right no matter what the consequence. More is told by King Henry VIII to sign the Act of Supremacy. The Act gives Henry VIII full†¦show more content†¦Despite what many may think, More would rather not get involved or influence the life of the king concerning the divorce. To most people signing the oath is a minor thing. It is something that should be done to appease the King , despite personal beliefs. However, for More his decision to sign the oath must be based on his beliefs. If he were to sign the oath he would lose all self respect. The audience learns this when he says I neither could nor would rule my King. But theres a little...little, area...where I must rule myself. Its very little-less to him than a tennis court.(Bolt, p 59). More is a man of principles and he will not compromise these principles. According to Sir Thomas if a man is prepared to take an oath then he must stand by that oath. However, in this case the signing of the oath would compromise these principles and therefore he can not sign. He displays this view when he says, When a man takes an oath, Meg, hes holding his own self in his own hands. Like water... (Bolt, p 140) More goes on to explain that he can not doubt his soul. If he were to go against his moral conscience, in a sense he would be killing his soul, and without the soul there is nothing. Mores conscience is extremely important to him. He could not live with himself if he were to go against his conscience. To sign theShow MoreRelatedThe s Dramatic Presentation Of Sir Thomas More As A Common, Heroic Man For All Seasons1273 Words   |  6 PagesSir Thomas More as a Common, yet Heroic Man Robert Oxton Bolt was an English teacher at a prestigious private school and wrote plays and scripts for radio dramas. The success came in 1957 with the play â€Å"Cherry Blossom† and allowed the young playwright to leave the teaching profession and to concentrate on work. His next play, â€Å"Man for All Seasons,† dedicated to the life of the famous statesman Sir Thomas More became very popular in the theatrical world. Bolt is a follower of Brechtian epic theaterRead MoreA Man For All Seasons By Robert Bolt1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe book â€Å"A Man for All Seasons,† by Robert Bolt is a play written to teach us a few important lessons about life. He wrote A Man for All Seasons in 1960, and the play was mounted on the London stage that same year and in New York in 1961. The themes that Bolt uses in writing this play are moral values, self, friendship, and corruption. Moral values are when a character respects his own opinion about something. Self and friendsh ip are the relationships built between characters and how that affectsRead MoreEssay on Corruption in the Play â€Å"a Man for All Seasons†1738 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption in the play â€Å"A Man For All Seasons† The main plot in the play â€Å"A Man For All Seasons† by Robert Bolt is corruption, more specifically political corruption. While the play focuses heavily on the social demise, and moral strength of the character Thomas More. It also covers the inverse process with other characters, such as; Richard Rich, Thomas Cromwell, and the king of England Henry VIII. In the play Thomas More stands as a beacon of selfhood and virtue, while the other three men usedRead MoreA Man For All Season And Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration Of History1881 Words   |  8 Pages A Man For All Seasons, a play written by Robert Bolt, in essence is both a moral play and a historical play. Sir Thomas More, a man of the greatest virtue this kingdom has ever produced (Dean Swift), is famous for choosing to suffer death rather than swearing to an oath that would counter his principles. Sir More had acquired a high position of Lord Chancellery under the reign of King Henry VIII, but stepped down since he could not do what the king had asked of him since this action would conflictRead MoreA Man for All Season and Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration of History1924 Words   |  8 PagesA Man For All Season and Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration of History A Man For All Seasons, a play written by Robert Bolt, in essence is both a moral play and a historical play. Sir Thomas More, a man of the greatest virtue this kingdom has ever produced (Dean Swift), is famous for choosing to suffer death rather than swearing to an oath that would counter his principles. Sir More had acquired a high position of Lord Chancellery under the reign of King Henry VIII, but stepped down since heRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesNairobi Sà £o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford UniversityRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint theseRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesregistered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford UniversityRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesT With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -SchoolRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any

The Moral Education Theory Of Punishment - 957 Words

I would now like to further demark the limitations of power that the government can have over its’ citizens with the Parent/ Child versus Law argument presented by Jean Hampton in â€Å"The Moral Education Theory of Punishment†. Hampton says that parents are much more entitled to punish their children than any other institution, and particularly governments, as parents have the role of what Hampton dubs â€Å"moral paternalism,† which is to teach their children the entire content of morality. Other Philosophers such as John Stuart Mill have also rejected a role of paternalism in government and go even further and say that a law cannot restrict what an individual does to himself, â€Å"specifically, such philosophers as John Stuart Mill have rejected the state’s passing any law which would restrict what an individual can do to himself (as opposed to what he can do to another) (John Stuart Mill on Jean Hampton 218-219). This is also a principle that Nozick defends â€Å"to the right of persons to be left alone and live their own lives, provided they are not violating the rights of others† (Nozick 381). These limits agree with the origins of our legislation and I believe are quintessential to creating moral legislation as well as picking which actions are punishable by the state and which are not. In summary, what I find to be a valid moral justification theory of punishment incorporates the above mentioned limitations of law as explained by Hampton and Mill. Furthermore, I would like toShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Punishment994 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Punishment is defined as â€Å"the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense† (â€Å"Punishment†). Some prominent theories of punishment include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and the moral education theory. Although retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation are all crucial components of punishment justification, independently the theories have weaknesses that avert the moral rationalization of punishment. I believe that Jean Hampton’s moral education theory is theRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1684 Words   |  7 PagesIn American education, teachers are focused on the intellectual growth of students. However, as educators, teachers not only have the opportunity to grow students intellectually, but also more holistically. One crucial area of a student’s life that is impacted by education is their morality. This paper will explore Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which addresses the idea of a person s progression of morality. It will first examine the concept of the theory and its founder. 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A just state is where individuals work harmoniously together by doing the job for which they are most naturally fitted, whilst philosopher guardians rule to ensure that society maintains aRead MoreLawrence Kohlberg s Levels Of Morality1422 Words   |  6 Pages Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels of Morality And How We Can Relate Ourselves to his Theory Sarah Blasco Tri-County Technical College LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S LEVELS OF MORALITY Abstract This purpose of this is to describe Kohlberg’s theory of morality in detail; I will describe each level that pertains to this theory and how they have affected me personally. 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The Social Foundations of Deviance Three social foundations: 1. deviance varies according to cultural norms 2. people become deviant as others define them that way 3. how societies set norms and how they define rule breaking both involve social power 7.2 The Functions of Deviance: Structural-Functional Theories Durkheim’sRead More Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdissertation, which explained his theory of the development of moral reasoning. This was dependent on Dewey’s and Piaget’s way of thinking.) Lawrence not only taught at the University of Chicago, but also at Harvard University, where his theory became popular through research studies that were conducted at Harvard’s Center for Moral Education. His theory pioneered the world of science between both positivists and behavioralists by the presentation of a new theory of moral development that would bridgeRead MoreIs it Ethical? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of right and wrong. As children grow, their views on the world develop. Many will argue that children gain their morals from their parents; others say that children get their morals from the people that they interact with. The development of morals is a topic of controversy in both the scientific and philosophical/ethical communities. When thinking about higher education and the role ethics play on the individuals, many psychologists and other professions have considered whether or not universitiesRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of Social Bonds1339 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished many sociological theories throughout his time that still are relevant today and have been studied by many sociologists during his time and now currently. One of the more popular theories that has been altered slightly but still used today is Durkheim’s Anomie Theory. The Anomie Theory has been studied by many other famous sociologists such as Robert King Merton and Robert Agnew. It eventually branched into what is now known as the Strain Theory. Currently, these theories are being changed andRead MoreRational Choice vs. Trait Theory Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice Theory VS. Trait Theory Student Name Criminology : Park University Online Program In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will conclude

Ike Ethics And Society - 1324 Words

IKEA GB590: Ethics in Business and Society Unit 2 Assignment Nicola Jones Baker Prof: Jackie Deem January 16, 2016 Introduction In 1995 one of IKEA suppliers in India was named for using children for labor in a rug factory. This was alarming to the IKEA Corporation. This news could have been damaging to the entire company if the right preventive measures were not taken. IKEA had to decide on their viewpoint on child labor and then had to make sure that what they did then and in the future was adequate to society standards. They will be watching to make sure that IKEA is true to its word. Stakeholders Stakeholders are people who directly or indirectly affect a company’s ability to operate. In this case, employees, suppliers, customers, NGOs are stakeholders in the success of IKEA‘s operations. Without the stakeholders IKEA will not be able to function. Their part in the process is critical to the foundation and logic of the operation of IKEA’s global needs. The operation of a business take all the stakeholders working together to make it a success. Their actions could have a huge influence on the different segments of the IKEA. Everything that the stakeholders do will affect the operation. IKEA’s stakeholders’ actions in the public view could affect the way people value IKEA to society. The reports on television could cause the company many issues. If child labor was used by one of IKEA suppliers then society with believe that IKEA as aShow MoreRelatedHonda Company Business Plan1689 Words   |  7 PagesHONDA THE POWER OF DREAMS Sameen Kukar Bus115.05 11/29/2011 professor- Steven Saltzman Table of Contents Customers and Competitors Human Resources Globalization Code of Ethics Sustainability Information and Technology Operations Planning Leadership and Motivation Organization Finance Executive Summary. Sochrio Honda was the founder of the Honda Company. 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Like, how the Hurricane Ike destroyed the supply of clean water sources in houses in Galveston, Texas and it was only after that, people there along with Fishman himself realized the true value of water. That it wasn’t all abundant. â€Å"You couldn’t trust the water you were showeringRead MoreExam Malpractice3683 Words   |  15 Pagesfor onward transfer via sms to other students anywhere in the country. Student’s personal digital assistants or cell phones can beam or cell data silently from across a classroom or with a cell phone from anywhere off the school environment. 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Sedgwick states that â€Å"in any male-dominated society, there is a special relationship between male homosocial (including homosexual)Read More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pagescase of Christmas, Hightower tries to save the man’s life by fabricating an alibi for Christmas. â€Å"Men!† he screams at the mob, â€Å"Listen to me. He was here that night. He was with me the night of the murder† (439). While Hightower’s situational ethics ultimately fail to save Joe Christmas from the hands of the racist mob, his intervention on Christmas’ behalf marks a major point on Hightower’s progression toward self-awareness, social engagement, and personal responsibility. What is interestingRead MoreThe Nature of Nature15064 Words   |  61 Pageslibera. :ions. True Freedom by Nature does not mean doing what you want to do -.henever you wish to do it; real freedom means having the opportunity and t 5~pport to do what is right to the best of your knowledge and ability as ; . ~:ctated by your society and the receipt of equal justice for all under I : :he law. Freedom of speach by Nature does not mean that one person should I:e allowed to slander and vilify another person because he or she wants to ! :r for a dramatic news story. True Freedom by

Auditing Theory Business Inventors

Question: Describe about the Auditing Theory for Business Inventors. Answer: Part I The role of the auditor is manifold. It is the universal rule that an auditor is responsible to the client and the third parties linked to him. The letter of engagement clearly prescribes that the claim of damages can be done to him by the client and other parties. The level of mistakes, as well as unprofessionalism, is not acceptable in any scenario because the parties depend on the notion framed by the auditor and act accordingly. In the event of falsification, the client can claim for damages. The mistakes can be ignored to a certain extent and considering this the auditor must ensure a flawless act (Carcello, 2012). In the present scenario, King and Queen were appointed as the auditor of Impulse since 2005. Being the auditor from the very beginning they made an unqualified report. The scenario of the company was amidst difficulties and liquidity crunch was present. However, as per the favorable report of the auditor, EFL granted a big loan to Impulse. The poor situation was overlooked by the auditor and hence, was a major loophole. The major component of the current assets is debtors, as well as inventories and it projects the ability of the company to meet the claims. It is a common parlance that before granting a loan to the company, the financial position and the auditors report are considered. On the basis of the findings, the loan is granted to the party (Carcello, 2012). The main rational of the company was to procure funds in the form of loan considering the requirements of cash and the services of debt, the cash scenario of the company are altered to a huge extent. Hence, in all probability, the loan provided by EFL is difficult to be recovered. Hence, king and Queen are liable to EFL. The audited report of the company was prepared by King and Queen and since the loan was provided considering the audited statement, EFL can sue the auditor. In the past there have been many instances of the fraud conducted by the auditors like the settlement of claims by Deloitte for failure of Bear Stearns, trial faced by Ernst and Young in class action suit, etc. There is always a probability that the auditor provides an opinion that is unqualified in nature when the financial statement tends to be misstated. It is termed as the audit risk and it is important that the auditor must use the judgement on the same and the errors that is material to ensure restatement of the financial statements (Hoffelder, 2012). Therefore, material misstatements might lead to wrong decision-making and the consequences of it need to be borne by the auditors if a true and fair view is provided by them. The main act of an auditor is to carry on his duties effectively. Hence, it implies that the auditor needs to consider all the steps and ensure that the compliance is done as per the regulations. When an audit engagement is done, it implies that the auditor has performed the task with due diligence and provide an independent decision that will be free from all the influences of the third parties or any other force (Lapsley, 2012). In the present case, King and Queen is an audit professional and is guided by the code of conduct that a fair audit engagement will be done and express an independent view on the financial statements. The auditor needs to trace the frauds that might be undertaken by the employees and the organization. If the auditor fails to trace such activities then the very objective of conducting an audit might fail to produce a result. The notions and the result of the auditors being considered for the valuable decision-making process and hence, the auditor need to ens ure strong compliance so that the very objective of conducting an audit is justified (Mock et. al, 2013). There are various decisions that depend entirely on the auditors report and hence, an auditor needs to pay due regard to the preparation of an audit report else it might lead to big errors. The third parties take decisions depending on the auditor report and it is assumed that the auditor has traced the irregularities. In this scenario EFL depended on the audited report provided by King and Queen and therefore, they are responsible for civil and criminal liabilities. Since it is the duty of the auditor to provide a report that is free from any material defects and is entirely responsible for the problem that arises due to the report. Therefore, King and Queen are completely responsible for the damages and should be asked to compensate for the loss that EFL has to bear. The case study provides a sound knowledge of the acts and duties of an auditor. An auditor is moral, as well as socially responsible for the acts in terms of reporting and preparing the report (Holland Lane, 2012). He nce, it is imperative that the auditor must conduct an analysis to the best of his ability and provide an unbiased report. This will justify the very objective of conducting an audit. Part 2 An audit is done so that it provides a reliable opinion that is free from any material defects so that others can use the audited report to take a material decision or any important decision-making process. Auditor independence can be defined as the reference to the freedom of the auditors from the parties that are lined to the organization and have a financial pecuniary (Niemi Sundgren, 2012). In this regard, the auditor whether internal or external auditor needs to be free from any material interest and should have the independent capacity. The preparation of the report should be done considering the principles of integrity, transparency, fairness, honesty and methods that vouch for objectivity and should not compromise on any of the matter that affects the judgment in a negative manner. As a matter of fact, this independence can be tagged as actual or perceived in nature (Holland Lane, 2012). The major principles that are linked to the independence of audit are integrity, compet ence, objectivity, confidentiality and professional manner. These features influence the auditor independence. When it comes to actual independence it is simple in nature and related to the accounts only. This leads to a general notion that the entire focus is one the accounts and is not linked with any other factors. This actual independence is affected when any financial transaction is traced apart from payment of fees for services of audit or in a link to any personal relationship (Gray et. al, 2011). On the contrary, perceived independence peers into the link between eh auditor, as well as client and strives to find that whether the auditor doing the audit is independent. It stresses on a direct connection with the other factors and the connection provides the main cause of discussion (Kalpan Williams, 2013). When an evaluation of the materiality concept is done, a member available in public or firm projects on the feature of qualitative or quantitative and whether it will have an adverse appeal on the objectivity of the firm. B (i). Bob is the audit assistant of Club Casino and uses the financial information for conducting an audit. In this scenario, client information that is confidential in nature is breached as material information is disclosed without any power that is specific in nature. In this scenario, it was of prime importance that the audit assistant should have taken the approval of the client while disclosing such information. A client might not be at ease if the information is used elsewhere without the consent even considering the fact that such disclosure might not harm him (Gilbert et. al, 2005). As per the confidential client information rules, a limitation is provided when and how to utilize the information. However, if the information is treated as confidential it might lead to the breach of the rules. Hence, the consent of the client plays an important part and influences the discharge of the responsibilities. (ii). The given case states that Wendy is the engagement partner on the audit of the Ace Limited for various years that and has effectively performed the secretarial function for six months as the role was vested by the organization due to the retirement of the company secretary who was holding office for a long time. As per the concerned rules that are section 90(2) of the companies Act 2008, an auditor who is appointed should not engage in any secretarial work as it might lead to the contravention. (iii). The given case study presents a question that whether Leo, assigned for the Precision Machinery testing in terms of internal control of the system of cash payment is in the status of providing an opinion that is impartial in nature because he is the eldest son of the clients factory foreman. It is the matter of audit independence and this attracts guidelines on the provision of services (non-audit in nature) by the companys auditor (Pepper, 2014). The guidelines denote that the auditor should not be related to the person who is in the employment of the company. Problems like that of evaluation and familiarity might arise on account of close link ups and that might spoil the entire audit process (Blay et. al, 2011). Therefore, when an auditor is linked to the external parties, the independent decision making is affected and hence cannot be treated to be totally accurate. (iv). In this scenario, professional ethics that is related to the auditor independence is a major concern. in this scenario, there might be the threat of self-interest on the auditors part of Chan Associates because of Furniture of Classic Reproductions Pvt. Limited are accepted that is a huge furniture wholesaler and is facing acute financial difficulties. Chan Associates was even provided a shareholding pattern of 25% of a listed company that is unrelated. The furniture worth comprises of 50% of the balance. It should be evaluated that the audit fees settlement should be in tune with the audit fee that is actual in nature and not higher than it. As a matter of fact, an area that is prone to risk comprises of financial interest that may influence the opinion of the audit (Klaus Martin, 2014). As per the regulations, it is imperative that the auditor should have any financial pecuniary because it damages the fair decision of the auditor and hence brings results that are error imp acted. Hence, it is the general notion and practice that the auditor should not be related to any external parties that have an interest in the report (Tepalagul Lin, 2015). This is an area of risk and needs to be tackled with greater precision as it might lead to immense problems. References Blay, A. D., Geiger, M. A. North, D.S 2011, The Auditor's Going-Concern Opinion as a Communication of Risk, Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 77- 102. Carcello, J 2012, What do investors want from the standard audit report?, CPA Journal, vol. 82, no. 12, pp. 12-23. Gilbert, W. Joseph J Terry J. E 2005, The Use of Control Self-Assessment by Independent Auditors, The CPA Journal, vol.3, pp. 66-92 Gray, G. L., Turner, J. L., Coram, P. J. Mock, T. J 2011, Perceptions and misperceptions regarding the unqualified auditors report by financial statement preparers, users, and auditors, Accounting Horizons, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 112-156 Hoffelder, K 2012, New Audit Standard Encourages More Talking, Harvard Press. Holland, K. Lane, J 2012, Perceived auditor independence and audit firm fees, Accounting and Business Research, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. pp.115-141. Kaplan, S. Williams, D 2013, Do going concern audit reports protect auditors from litigation? A simultaneous equations approach, The Accounting Review, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 199-232. Klaus, R Martin, S 2014, The audit expectation gap: existence, causes, and the impact of change, London. Lapsley, I. 2012, Commentary: Financial Accountability Management, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 291-292. Mock, T. J., Bdard, J., Coram, P., Davis, S., Espahbodi, R. and Warne, R 2013, The audit reporting model: Current research synthesis and implications, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, vol. 32, pp. 323-351. Niemi, L., Sundgren, S 2012, Are modified audit opinions related to the availability of credit? Evidence from Finnish SMEs, European Accounting Review, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 767-796. Pepper, A Gore, J 2014, The economic psychology of incentives: An international study of top managers, Journal of World Business, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 350-61. Tepalagul, N. Lin, L 2015, Auditor Independence and Audit Quality A Literature Review, Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, vol. 30, no. 1, pp.101-121.

Equity Securities/Tax and Estate Planning for Investment Law

Question: Discuss about theEquity Securities/Tax and Estate Planning for Investment Law. Answer: Bond Bond is also known as the security for fixed income and it is a debt instrument that is created for raising the capital. The bonds are generally regarded as the loan agreement among the investor and the issuer of bond where the issuer is obliged to pay certain specific amount at a specific date in future. When the investor purchases the bond he is loaning the amount to the issuer who generally raises the amount for any project. Most common risk associated with the bond is the risk of interest rate that is the risk that the prices of the bond will fall with the rise in the rates of interest. Through purchase of the bond, the bondholder commits to receive the fixed rate of return for the fixed term period. Various other risks associated with the bonds are the default risk, call risk, re-investment risk and inflation risk. Further, the coupon rate is affected if the interest rate in the market changed. Possible recurring incomes from bonds are from 2 ways interest payment that is known as the coupon over the lifetime of bond and from price fluctuation that depends on factors like interest rate (Bodie, 2013). Common stock Common stock is the securities that are represented by the equity ownership in any company, firm or organization. Common stock provides voting rights and enables the holder to get a share in the profit of the company through capital appreciation and dividend. However, in case of liquidation the common stock holder gets their right on the asset only after the preferred stockholders, debt holders and various other debt holders. Various risks associated with common stocks are the investment risk that is the prices are fluctuating and volatile. Further, there is lack of control as the success of the investor is dependent on the success of the company. Moreover, there is the risk regarding payment as in case of liquidation the preferred stock will not get paid till the higher rank of preferred debts are paid off. The dividend on common stocks is not guaranteed as the company at any time can eliminate or reduce the payment of dividend (Smith, 2015). Possible recurring incomes from bonds are from 2 ways capital gains through selling the stock of the company and dividend that is paid to the stock holder by the company. Preferred stock Like the common stock, the preferred stocks are represented by the equity ownership in any company, firm or organization. To be more specific, preferred stocks are rights on earnings and assets. as the name suggests, the preferred stocks carries few advantages like it gets the priority on getting the payment in case of bankruptcy and dividend. However, as like the common stock, preferred stock can also be sold and bought through the broker. Primary risks associated with the preferred stocks are that it is sensitive to the interest rates similar to the bonds as they pay fixed rate dividend. It is also exposed to industry sector risk as well as the credit risks. Further, it is associated with the call risk as most of the preferred shares are allowed to be redeemed on demand even before the date of actual redemption. Moreover, the dividend will not be pain if the company is not able to earn enough money to pay as dividend. Preference stock holder mainly gets recurring incomes through regular dividend Calculation of FCFF Given data EBIT 80.0 EBIT(1-T) 66.4 Capital expenditures 11.2 Depreciation and amortization 33.0 Increase in the net working capital 32.7 Interest payment 5.0 Tax rate 17% FCFF = EBIT(1-T) (Capital investment Depreciation) Additional investment in the working capital FCFF = 66.4 (11.2 33.0) 32.7 FCFF = 22.83 Calculation of FCFE FCFE = FCFF Loan repayments FCFE = 22.83 5 FCFE = 17.83 Impact of increasing dividend policy On FCFF The FCFF is free cash flow to the organization. Therefore, it involves all the free cash flows to the bond holders and the equity owners. However, if the company increases the payments of dividend, the equity owners will have more flow of cash from the dividends whereas they will be able to get less flow of cash from other sources. Bond holders will not be affected as the net dividends or incomes are not attributable to the bond holders (Pinto et al., 2013). Further, the entire cash flow to the bond holders as well as the equity owners will not change. On FCFE it is the free cash flow that is attributable to the equity. Therefore, it is quite obvious that it includes all the free cash flows to the equity owners containing the payments for dividends (Pinto et al., 2015). However, if the company increases the payment for dividends, the cash flow from other sources may reduce. Further, the total flow for free cash to the equity owners will not be affected. Impact on FCFF and FCFE due to interest rate change FCFF that is the free cash flow of any firm is the measure for the financial performance that states the total amount of cash generated for a company after taxes, expenses and the changes in investment and net working capital are deducted. On the other hand, the FCFE that is the free cash flow to the equity is the measure to analyse the amount of cash that can be distributed to equity shareholders of any company in form of stock buybacks or dividend after meeting all the expenses, debt repayments and reinvestment. The FCFE is also known as the levered free cash flow (Kumar, 2015). The FCFF can be calculated using the cash flow from the operations (CFO) or the net income. The computation of FCFF through CFO is same as the computation of FCF as the FCFF is that cash flow which is distributed to the investors containing the debt holders and interest expenses is the cash that is the cash available to the debt holders shall be added back. While valuing any firm, the FCF is to be calculated over number of years. Therefore, it is likely that the firma can change their financing policies during these long periods. Owing to this, the impact on the cash flow of required to be considered in the even t of changes in the financial policy. The analysts generally takes into consideration the factor that operation cost of the firm is likely to be changed. They take into account the factors like increase in the material cost, increase in the wages and the inflation (Kaviani, 2013). Impact on FCFF the total borrowing whether increased or paid back does not have any impact on the FCFF as the FCFF measures the cash flow created in the business and borrowing is not created in the business and therefore, the net effect of borrowing is zero (Rubio, 2015). Impact on FCFE the borrowing has an impact on FCFE as it is the cash that can be distributed to the shareholder if the management wishes so. However, unlike the company, that has to pay off the borrowing, equities do not have to pay off the borrowings and it is generally paid by from the operational cash flow (Alberro, 2015). Therefore, as the firm borrows money it becomes available to the equity which in turn increases the FCFE (Mielcarz Mlinari?, 2014). More the borrowings more the burden of interest and where no new borrowings are there, the firm has to pay the interest only. However, when the borrowing is paid back it will reduce the FCFE. Case study on Mr and Mrs Anthony Chan Soon Thoong Property tax is the tax on the property ownership. Further, it is not the tax on income that applies tax on the income from rent received by the property owner. Property tax becomes payable by all the owners of the property on property they own, irrespective of the fact that the property is occupied by the owner, let or or left vacant by the owner. However, if the property is leased, the tax on income is collected on rental income apart from the charges of property tax at the rate of 10% on the annual value. Further, if the property is occupied by the owner, the concessionary rate of tax can be claimed. At present the rate of tax on property is 10% of the annual value of property with the concessionary rate ranged from 0 to 6% for the homes occupied by the owner (Surico Trezzi, 2015). During 2013, the rebate with regard to HDB property tax was $ 40. Further, from 1st Jan 2014, the rate of tax on property shifted to the progressive system that is the Residential Property Tax Annual V alue and it was effective from 1st Jan 2014. Computation of net tax payable by Anthony Computation of income from employment and trade Particulars Amount Income Bonus for 5 months $ 35,000.00 Relevant course study $ 8,000.00 Exempt as incurred to enhance income $ (8,000.00) income from selling the books $ 12,500.00 Dividend received on stock portfolio $ 4,300.00 Total income of Anthony $ 51,800.00 Tax applicable 1st 20,000 $ - Next 10,000 @ 2% $ 200.00 Next 10,000 @ 3.5% $ 350.00 On balance amount $ 7% $ 826.00 Total income tax payable $ 1,376.00 Computation of property tax Particulars Amount Value of property $ 1,100,000.00 Tax applicable 1st 8,000 @ 0% $ - next 47,0000 @ 4% $ 1,880.00 next 15,000 @ 6% $ 900.00 next 15,000 @ 8% $ 1,200.00 Next 15,000 @ 10% $ 1,500.00 Next 15000 @ 12% $ 1,800.00 Next 15000 @ 14% $ 2,100.00 Balance amount @ 16% $ 155,200.00 Total property tax payable $ 164,580.00 Total tax payable by Anthony $ 165,956.00 Note Childcare relief is assumed to be availed by Mr. Anthonys wife Janet as she is also working and can file his return separately. In case of mortgage, Anthony will be liable to pay the stamp duty on the mortgage value. In case of sale of the property, the conveyancing lawyer will notify the new owner and the tax will be shared equally by Anthony and new owner. Therefore, Anthony will be liable to pay = 1,376 +(164,580*50%) = $ 83,666 Reference Alberro, J. (2015). Estimating Damages Using DCF: From Free Cash Flow to the Firm to Free Cash Flow to Equity (and Back).ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal,30(3), 689-698. Bodie, Z. (2013).Investments. McGraw-Hill. Kaviani, M. (2013). Study of information content economic value added in explain new models based on free cash flow (CVFCFF and CVFCFE).International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,3(1), 277. Kumar, R. (2015).Valuation: Theories and concepts. Academic Press. Mielcarz, P., Mlinari?, F. (2014). The superiority of FCFF over EVA and FCFE in capital budgeting.Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraÃ… ¾ivanja,27(1), 559-572. Pinto, J. E., Henry, E., Robinson, T. R., Stowe, J. D. (2015).Equity asset valuation. John Wiley Sons. Pinto, J., Robinson, T. R., Rath, R. D., ASA, C. (2013). Equity Valuation. Rubio, A. (2015). How to Consider Excess Cash in Firm Valuation.Browser Download This Paper. Smith, E. L. (2015).Common stocks as long term investments. Pickle Partners Publishing. Surico, P., Trezzi, R. (2015). Consumer Spending and Property Taxes.

Response Paper Slavery Essay Example

Response Paper Slavery Essay After examining the documents in the Major Problems text, it can be said that slavery did play a role in creating tension between northerners and southerners. But was it the overriding concern? Although slavery played a role in creating the feud , politics also came into play. There are several reasons for the tension between the two groups, but the the biggest reasons may be slavery and its’ politics together. The questions here is what arguments separated the two groups by the 1850s? An example of one of the arguments that separated the two groups was based on the subject of the South not having equal protection. While reading Document 5, Senator Albert G. Brown goes on to state â€Å"our property has never been treated like the property of other people†.In that statement when Brown said â€Å"our property†, he was referring to the South. Albert continues by explaining how the Government had failed to protect their property. Towards the end of the paragraph he had explained that the Government would start a war with a foreign country before â€Å"they† would insist on protecting on their homeland. We will write a custom essay sample on Response Paper Slavery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Response Paper Slavery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Response Paper Slavery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later on in Document 5, Albert explains how he wouldn’t fight for a country who doesn’t treat every man equally as they had promised to do so. Brown continues by stating that â€Å" it ought to be abolished.†. He refused to leave his life in the hands of a country which refuses to protect its’ citizens no matter what the matter consisted of. After examining the documents, it can be said that slavery was in fact the overriding concern. Following Document 5 by Albert G. Brown (Senator), is the article The Republican Party and the Slave Power. Contained in this article are the reasons for the rise of the Republican Party. The reasons for the rise of the Republican Party are the promotion of industrial capitalism, nativism, anti-Catholicism, moral opposition to slavery, along with racial hatred towards blacks. Although these are the rea

Writing a Sample Argumentative Topic Sentence For Essay

Writing a Sample Argumentative Topic Sentence For EssayA sample argumentative topic sentence for essay helps the student put together his argumentative statement. This is not as easy as it sounds. It has to be correct and structured and without a certain level of logic.To write an essay topic sentence for an essay, you should start off with a good idea or starting point. An example could be something like 'The file in the file cabinet was written in German'. There are a few rules on how to create a topic sentence for an essay.A topic sentence for an essay is composed of a preposition and an objective statement. Prepositions are not placed in the first word of the topic sentence. In the second to last sentence, place a preposition in the second word of the subject clause.Subject clauses tell the reader what the topic of the essay is. Objective statements define the goals of the writer. The ideas presented in the second to last sentence tell the reader why the topic sentence for an ess ay is needed and the basis for the subject clause. Use logical sentences to present your ideas.It is best to use a subject clause that is important to the subject of the topic sentence. If the topic is about traveling, a subject clause could be 'The trip to New York City is a very popular tourist destination'The government spends millions each year to attract visitors to America.' Be sure to emphasize the importance of the subject clause and try to include the key reasons of the topic.The object of the second to last sentence is the reader's attention. You want the reader to read through the topic sentence for an essay and not be distracted by the next line. In the first and second sentences, include a topic of interestor related topic. Use a topic sentence for an essay to help define the main idea.Before presenting the original idea, be sure to introduce and support the topic sentence for an essay. This is also an excellent time to add some supporting information about the topic. I f the information is somewhat logical, the sentence can be presented using some exercises.Use the first step to help with writing a topic sentence for an essay, but if the topic sentence for an essay is not prepared in the right way, then it will not provide the support needed for the conclusion of the essay. If you get caught up in writing a topic sentence for an essay, take a break and do something else for a few minutes.

Demographic Population Problems essays

Demographic Population Problems essays In the rise and fall of events, historians saw that there were problems retrieving information from the 17th century from mostly peasants or those who could not read or write. When getting the information form certain period, it would be difficult to find out what most peasants did during their life because they could not write down the things they did from day to day. Areas such as Southern Europe made retrieving information difficult because they were not as strong in fields of reading and writing. Protestant areas, however, provided more information because more emphasis was put on reading the bible. Although there was a large amount of information received from the elite of Europe, the peasants lives were many times left out because they were not as important and because of their lack of reading and writing skills. Very few researchers could only get an idea of how their life was by using different skills and methods. French scholars have been able to experiment with different sources to attempt to get information, and they have succeeded by using two different methods. One method was used by a school in France wanting to understand all of human existence. This was done by obtaining signatures on court orders, which led to historians rebuilding literacy patterns of Western Europe. Another school wanted to figure the historical population of the countries by using a method called collective biography where historians attempt to rebuild the life of the community and find the results statistically. By understanding their lifestyles, historians could find out when a person died, what their nutritional diet was, what they grew, how much money they had or what purpose they served to the community. The methods that were used created many sources, which led to calculating the population. Finding amounts of wheat, rye, and barley grown showed where more or less productive agriculture was and also showed w hich countries would adva ...

Chapter Study Questions 1 & 2 Essay Example for Free

Chapter Study Questions 1 & 2 Essay 1.What percentage of Texans live in urban areas (cities & suburbs)?   90% of the population now lives in crowed cities and suburbs. 2.Name the three cities in Texas that are three of the largest in US?   Houston, San Antonio and Dallas 3.What are the three diverse economic businesses in Texas? 4 Oil and gas producer now work alongside high-tech companies, telecommunications giants, and other important business sectors. 4.In what areas does Texas consistently rank at the bottom in state spending compared to other states? 4 Texas consistently ranks near the bottom of the states in spending on education, welfare, and healthcare for poor. 5.Is Texas a high-tax, high-business regulatory state or is it low-tax, low-regulatory?   Texas is low-tax and low-regulatory climate. 6.Are Texas well informed about government and elected officials? Do they trust government? 4 Texans are woefully ignorant of their state and local government and the public officials who make important decisions affecting their daily lives. 7.Does Texas have a regressive or progressive tax system and what do these mean?   Texas has a regressive tax system, which means a tax that imposes a disproportionately heavier burden on low-income people than on the more affluent. 8.What is meant by economic diversification and has Texas done this? 6 Economic diversification is the development of new and varied business activities. New business were encouraged to relocated to or expand in Texas after the oil and gas industry, which had been the base of the state’s economy, suffered a major recession in the 1980’s. 9.What is meant by ‘cowboy rugged individualism’ and how has this impacted Texans’ views of government as a solution to problems?   The cowboy rugged individualism, with strong connotations of self-help and independence, symbolizes a political culture in Texas that does not like to look to government as a solution to many of its problems. It is the kind of individualism that continues to be exploited by political candidates in campaign ads. 10. What impact did having a frontier have on Texans? On might argue that the â€Å"wide-open spaces† of the frontier shaped Texan’s  view of their autonomy, independence, and vulnerability. It has clearly shaped attitudes toward land and the legal right to use land as one sees fit. 11. What three combined groups now make up the majority of Texans and how does their historical experiences differ from that of Anglos? What celebration are part of their political culture?   African American, Hispanic, and Asian Americans. The white population have limited relevance to the relevance to the cultural and historical experiences of many African American and Hispanic Texans. For African American is Martin Luther King Jr’s birthday as state holiday in 1991. And for Hispanics is the Cinco de Mayo. 12.Just what does political culture mean and describe the individualistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 9 Political culture a widely shared set of views, attitudes, beliefs and customs of a people as to how their government should be organized and run. Individualistic subculture holds that politics and government function as a marketplace. Government does not have to be concerned with creating a good or moral society but exists for strictly. Government should be limited, and its intervention in the private activities of its citizens should be kept to a minimum. The Government primary function is to ensure the stability of a society so that individuals can pursue their own interests. 13. Describe the moralistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 9-10 Moralistic subculture is a view that government’s primary reasonability is to promote the public welfare and should actively use its authority and power to improve the social and economic well-being of its citizens. The Moralistic subculture regards politics as one of the great activities of a man in his search for the good society. 14.Describe the traditionalistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 10 a view that political power should e concentrated in the hands of a few elite citizens who belong to established families or influential social groups. Public policy basically serves the interests of this small group. The traditionalistic subculture  holds the view that there is a hierarchical arrangement to the political order. This hierarchy serves to limit the power and influence of general public, while allocating authority to few individuals who comprise self-perpetuating elites. 15. In what states or colonies did you originally find these three subcultures and what two best describe Texas? 16. How big is the Native American population in Texas and of the three remaining groups, do they have the right to have casinos? 11 Alabama-Coushatta, Tigua and Kickappo are the three small Native American groups that live on reservations in Texas. And the Native American population is less than one-half of 1 percent of the States total population. They have been denied the right to run casinos on their reservation. Even thought, their leader consider casinos a major potential source of revenue, jobs and economic development for their people, but recent efforts to change state law have been unsuccessful. 17. Were there ever a great many Hispanics in Texas prior to 1830 and what was it down to by 1887? How much had this increased by 1930, 1990, and 2012? 12 Prior 1830 the Hispanic population were a small minority of the population. By 1887 the Hispanic population had declined to approximately 4 percent of state’s population. In 1930 it was 12 percent and was concentrated in the border counties from Brownsville to el Paso. By 1990s, it had reached 25 percent, spurred by immigration from Mexico and other Latin American countries. By 2012 the Hispanics comprised 37.6 percent of the state’s population. 18.What two ethnic or racial groups are growing the fastest in Texas and by 2030-what group will be the largest? How have Hispanics done in terms of elected officials compared to other states?12 The two ethnic will be Asian and Hispanics. However the Hispanics are likely to exceed 50 percent of the state’s total. 19. Compare the %s of Anglos, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians found in Texas in 1860 and those found in 2010? Chart 13 In 1860 it was a percent of 63.2% of Anglo. The 30.3 % are African American and 6.5% were Hispanic. However in 2010, 45.3% were Anglo, 11.5% were African American, 37.6% were Hispanic and 5.6% were other. 20.Where do African Americans tend to live in Texas?   African American settled in large numbers in the urban areas of Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and Austin. 21. In 2010, how many Texans were there and what was the growth rate of the state compared to the national growth rate and where did people move from and to in the US? 16 According to the 2010 census, the state’s population was 25,145,561, an increase of approximately 4.3 million people in ten years. This growth rate of 20.6 percent was significantly higher than the national growth rate of growth rate of 9.7 percent. Chapter Study Questions 1 & 2. (2016, Mar 16).

Linguistic Backgrounds and Writing Skills Research Paper

Linguistic Backgrounds and Writing Skills - Research Paper Example However, the cross tabulation alone canoe be used to do the conclusion. An additional test needs to be conducted, to ascertain the observation. To achieve this factor, I proceeded to conduct a correlation test. The correlation test conducted between English writing achievements and whether one is a first generation American indicated a very small positive correlation of (0.017), at a significance level of 0.906. despite the correlation being a positive value, it is slightly above the zero level, and hence a conclusion can be made that, there is no significant correlation between the person’s achievements in English writing and whether he/ she is a first generation American. From these two test therefore, it is worth concluding that being a native English speaker plays little or no role in the person’s achievements in English writing skills. For this reason, the results of the cross tabulation can be considered valid and consequently leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. To examine the hypothesis, a descriptive analysis was done on the data. The study required examination of the percentage of the Native Americans who speak other languages. The table below shows the analysis of the group. From the analysis of the data, there were no missing values as shown in the table above. Out of the 100 participants, 53 were first generation Americans. From the analysis of the responses on whether they spoke other languages, 27 of the Natives replied that they do speak other languages. A graphical representation of the analysis is shown in the pie chart below. To examine the validity of this hypothesis, several tests were conducted, with the most vital one being the cross tabulation. The cross-tabulation of whether the respondent is a native speaker and the level to which he/she considers himself/herself a good writer revealed

CUSTOMER SERVICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CUSTOMER SERVICE - Essay Example In addition, if the language used in the query or reply is not courteous and polite, the customer is most likely not to reply back. Directly addressing customers or Phone call follow-ups: This type of follow-up has mixed results. Either they will be annoying for the customers making their responses the same annoyed ones or planning to get rid of the person or honest opinion will be given. Usually this is entirely dependent upon the person calling or talking to the customer. If they are polite, friendly and precise, the customer is more likely to give an honest opinion rather than just wanting to get rid of the question being asked. The call centre is outsourcing its services to various small companies. Their aim is to expand their services to larger outlets. For the time being, their focus is providing the best possible services to the customers. These services are prompt and accurate. For this purpose, they train every employee in the specified product information they are servicing before letting them work in the call centre (Kotler et al., 2009). This training enables them to be precise and helpful to the customer as much as they can. They also focus on hiring people with a pleasant personality, clear accents and voices so that the customer does not feel offended talking to them. Professionalism is highly encouraged here in all aspects whether it is answering queries or helping a difficult customer out. Rewards are also given to employees who offer the best support for the month. Employee input for improvement in service is also taken under consideration. The local mart also has a high value of customer service. It is a family run business and slowly they are expanding due to their high service quality, word of mouth and repeat customers. Their policies include always putting the customer first. Any sign of discomfort or dissatisfaction is

Preventing PC Issues :: essays research papers

Several people in the class have had "computer problems" in the last couple of weeks. This is often caused by Aware, Spyware, Malware, Viruses, and not maintaining the hard drive. Many times people will buy a new PC and 6-8 months later cannot understand why it is running so poorly. I rebuild a lot of computers for people. If it is a Pentium III or better and the person has all the original software that came with the pc, it is not a difficult task, although it can be time consuming. There are several things we can do to prevent this from happening. Defrag the hard drive weekly or at the very least once per month. Get the "red" out. (On an XP OS it is: Start-->All Programs-->Accessories-->System Tools-->Disk Defragmenter) Use a good virus program and keep it updated. Norton or Mcaffee are the most popular. A new-comer is PC-cillin by Micro Trends. They have a very good application that uses very little resources and they update their "dat" files much faster than the other big two, include a spyware search and have 24 hour phone tech support. Do a search on the internet. There are a lot of great articles by magazines such as PC Magazine written about this program and company. Norton and Mcaffee have not updated their engine in almost 2 years. Download Ad-aware and Spy Bot and use them weekly. These are free programs you can find with a simple Goggle search, download and install. The updates are free also. These programs will find most of the pesky programs you don't want on your computer. Back up your data. All your MS Office data files; .doc, .xls, .ppt .mdb, email, jpeg pictures, etc. If you have a CD burner, you can copy 750mb on each disk. If you have a DVD burner, you can save 4.7GB on each disk! Don't use "file-sharing" programs that allow you to download music, movies and applications from other people. You never know exactly what you are getting. I have seen some of the most evil stuff coming from these places. Besides, most of that is stealing anyway. Would you want to write or produce something only to see it all over the 'net right after its release? If you have a broadband connection, USE A ROUTER. I can't say it enough. With a broadband connection, Cable or DSL, you are on "open" IP address on the internet.

Gender Bias Essay

The concept of equality is regarded as an inalienable human right that should be enjoyed by all individuals regardless of their gender, race, religion, and other differential factors (United Nations, 2009). However, it is clearly seen that this is not practiced in the society that exists today. Discrimination still persists and this is greatly exemplified by the inequality that is based on gender differences. It is undeniable that women are still placed in a disadvantageous or inferior position as compared with their male counterparts. There are indeed substantial changes that have taken place in the past that made the situation of women better than before. Nevertheless, it is still obvious that there are still many changes that should be made before women can achieve the real essence of equality that they rightfully deserve. The discriminatory practices against women can be rooted back in the early history of the world wherein philosophers are still trying to make sense in the world that human beings live in. Even in the past, women have already been seen as inferior to men and this is evidently proven in the development of language. According to Becky Michele Mulvaney, the author of the article entitled â€Å"Gender Differences in Communication: An Intercultural Experience,† gender is both an influence of and a product of communication. In line with this, she pointed out how the idea of gender is first learned by an individual through talking with other people. A person could see the difference between the language that is used by girls and is often characterized by qualifiers and fillers to soften their message. There are words that are acceptable if used by a boy but not by a girl. Moreover, famous philosophers also focused on the image of an active male that makes a female as mere a supporting character. This is exemplified by Plato who defined women as â€Å"lesser men† and Aristotle who said that women are â€Å"a deformity, a misbegotten male;† as well as St Thomas Aquinas who argues that women should not have been created by God (Mulvaney, 2004). In the same manner, discriminatory practices against women still continue up to this present time. The patriarchal influences of key personalities in history and the general perspective of the people before, that women are inferior to men established a societal thinking that further propagated this view. Despite the improvements in the status of women in the society, it is evident that they are still perceived as second class citizens. This is proven in the professional lives of women wherein there are still biases and discrimination practiced against them because of their gender. Even though there are women that are already working in industries that are previously dominated by males, there is still an observable discrepancy that shows that a large number of men are in the working force. Furthermore, women are also having difficulties climbing the professional ladder of success because they are not given a fair consideration because of their gender even if they have the same capabilities sometimes even better skills than their male contenders (Farough, 2005). Being the case, it can be said that the inequality experienced by women is often not in terms of their age, race, or religion even though these factors are often intertwined. The inequality that they have to go through especially in their jobs is brought about by the social construct that women are inferior to men. The society, the one that is responsible for creating this concept, should also be the one responsible to deconstruct the notion of gender inequality. In order to do so, it entails using approach that deals with the cooperation and collaboration of people regardless of their genders. The Feminist/Sociological approach entails that people should work toward deconstructing this gender bias especially the males, and should realize that there are more disadvantageous effects if this inequality persists as compared with the privilege that they get from it (Farough, n. d. ). Furthermore, gender inequality could also be addressed through the proper use of language and communication. People should realize that language and communication are also intercultural factors wherein diversity should be accepted because there of the inherent differences between males and females (Mulvaney, 2004). However, it should be remembered that these differences should not render one gender inferior than the other. References Farough, S. (2005). The Negative Consequences of Male Privilege. In Understanding and anaging Diversity: Readings, Cases, & Exercises. 3rd edition. (Chapter 21). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mulvaney, B. M. (2004) Gender Differences in Communication: An Intercultural Experience. In International Communication: A Global Reader. (pp. 221-229). United States: SAGE Publications. United Nations. (2009). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved January 13, 2008, from http://www. un. org/Overview/rights. html.